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This patch introduces a new hook to notify security system that the
content of initramfs has been unpacked into the rootfs.
Upon receiving this notification, the security system can activate
a policy to allow only files that originated from the initramfs to
execute or load into kernel during the early stages of booting.
This approach is crucial for minimizing the attack surface by
ensuring that only trusted files from the initramfs are operational
in the critical boot phase.
Signed-off-by: Fan Wu <wufan@linux.microsoft.com>
[PM: subject line tweak]
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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We want the kernfs fixes in here as well.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Deduplicate ->read() callbacks of bin_attributes which are backed by a
simple buffer in memory:
Use the newly introduced sysfs_bin_attr_simple_read() helper instead,
either by referencing it directly or by declaring such bin_attributes
with BIN_ATTR_SIMPLE_RO() or BIN_ATTR_SIMPLE_ADMIN_RO().
Aside from a reduction of LoC, this shaves off a few bytes from vmlinux
(304 bytes on an x86_64 allyesconfig).
No functional change intended.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Acked-by: Zhi Wang <zhiwang@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/92ee0a0e83a5a3f3474845db6c8575297698933a.1712410202.git.lukas@wunner.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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If a member of a cpio archive for an initrd or initrams is larger than
2Gb, we'll eventually fail to write to that file when we get to that
limit, unless O_LARGEFILE is set.
The problem can be seen with this recipe, assuming that BLK_DEV_RAM
is not configured:
cd /tmp
dd if=/dev/zero of=BIGFILE bs=1048576 count=2200
echo BIGFILE | cpio -o -H newc -R root:root > initrd.img
kexec -l /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r) --initrd=initrd.img --reuse-cmdline
kexec -e
The console will show 'Initramfs unpacking failed: write error'. With
the patch, the error is gone.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240323152934.3307391-1-jsperbeck@google.com
Signed-off-by: John Sperbeck <jsperbeck@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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If initrd data is larger than 2Gb, we'll eventually fail to write to the
/initrd.image file when we hit that limit, unless O_LARGEFILE is set.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240317221522.896040-1-jsperbeck@google.com
Signed-off-by: John Sperbeck <jsperbeck@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- Sumanth Korikkar has taught s390 to allocate hotplug-time page frames
from hotplugged memory rather than only from main memory. Series
"implement "memmap on memory" feature on s390".
- More folio conversions from Matthew Wilcox in the series
"Convert memcontrol charge moving to use folios"
"mm: convert mm counter to take a folio"
- Chengming Zhou has optimized zswap's rbtree locking, providing
significant reductions in system time and modest but measurable
reductions in overall runtimes. The series is "mm/zswap: optimize the
scalability of zswap rb-tree".
- Chengming Zhou has also provided the series "mm/zswap: optimize zswap
lru list" which provides measurable runtime benefits in some
swap-intensive situations.
- And Chengming Zhou further optimizes zswap in the series "mm/zswap:
optimize for dynamic zswap_pools". Measured improvements are modest.
- zswap cleanups and simplifications from Yosry Ahmed in the series
"mm: zswap: simplify zswap_swapoff()".
- In the series "Add DAX ABI for memmap_on_memory", Vishal Verma has
contributed several DAX cleanups as well as adding a sysfs tunable to
control the memmap_on_memory setting when the dax device is
hotplugged as system memory.
- Johannes Weiner has added the large series "mm: zswap: cleanups",
which does that.
- More DAMON work from SeongJae Park in the series
"mm/damon: make DAMON debugfs interface deprecation unignorable"
"selftests/damon: add more tests for core functionalities and corner cases"
"Docs/mm/damon: misc readability improvements"
"mm/damon: let DAMOS feeds and tame/auto-tune itself"
- In the series "mm/mempolicy: weighted interleave mempolicy and sysfs
extension" Rakie Kim has developed a new mempolicy interleaving
policy wherein we allocate memory across nodes in a weighted fashion
rather than uniformly. This is beneficial in heterogeneous memory
environments appearing with CXL.
- Christophe Leroy has contributed some cleanup and consolidation work
against the ARM pagetable dumping code in the series "mm: ptdump:
Refactor CONFIG_DEBUG_WX and check_wx_pages debugfs attribute".
- Luis Chamberlain has added some additional xarray selftesting in the
series "test_xarray: advanced API multi-index tests".
- Muhammad Usama Anjum has reworked the selftest code to make its
human-readable output conform to the TAP ("Test Anything Protocol")
format. Amongst other things, this opens up the use of third-party
tools to parse and process out selftesting results.
- Ryan Roberts has added fork()-time PTE batching of THP ptes in the
series "mm/memory: optimize fork() with PTE-mapped THP". Mainly
targeted at arm64, this significantly speeds up fork() when the
process has a large number of pte-mapped folios.
- David Hildenbrand also gets in on the THP pte batching game in his
series "mm/memory: optimize unmap/zap with PTE-mapped THP". It
implements batching during munmap() and other pte teardown
situations. The microbenchmark improvements are nice.
- And in the series "Transparent Contiguous PTEs for User Mappings"
Ryan Roberts further utilizes arm's pte's contiguous bit ("contpte
mappings"). Kernel build times on arm64 improved nicely. Ryan's
series "Address some contpte nits" provides some followup work.
- In the series "mm/hugetlb: Restore the reservation" Breno Leitao has
fixed an obscure hugetlb race which was causing unnecessary page
faults. He has also added a reproducer under the selftest code.
- In the series "selftests/mm: Output cleanups for the compaction
test", Mark Brown did what the title claims.
- Kinsey Ho has added the series "mm/mglru: code cleanup and
refactoring".
- Even more zswap material from Nhat Pham. The series "fix and extend
zswap kselftests" does as claimed.
- In the series "Introduce cpu_dcache_is_aliasing() to fix DAX
regression" Mathieu Desnoyers has cleaned up and fixed rather a mess
in our handling of DAX on archiecctures which have virtually aliasing
data caches. The arm architecture is the main beneficiary.
- Lokesh Gidra's series "per-vma locks in userfaultfd" provides
dramatic improvements in worst-case mmap_lock hold times during
certain userfaultfd operations.
- Some page_owner enhancements and maintenance work from Oscar Salvador
in his series
"page_owner: print stacks and their outstanding allocations"
"page_owner: Fixup and cleanup"
- Uladzislau Rezki has contributed some vmalloc scalability
improvements in his series "Mitigate a vmap lock contention". It
realizes a 12x improvement for a certain microbenchmark.
- Some kexec/crash cleanup work from Baoquan He in the series "Split
crash out from kexec and clean up related config items".
- Some zsmalloc maintenance work from Chengming Zhou in the series
"mm/zsmalloc: fix and optimize objects/page migration"
"mm/zsmalloc: some cleanup for get/set_zspage_mapping()"
- Zi Yan has taught the MM to perform compaction on folios larger than
order=0. This a step along the path to implementaton of the merging
of large anonymous folios. The series is named "Enable >0 order folio
memory compaction".
- Christoph Hellwig has done quite a lot of cleanup work in the
pagecache writeback code in his series "convert write_cache_pages()
to an iterator".
- Some modest hugetlb cleanups and speedups in Vishal Moola's series
"Handle hugetlb faults under the VMA lock".
- Zi Yan has changed the page splitting code so we can split huge pages
into sizes other than order-0 to better utilize large folios. The
series is named "Split a folio to any lower order folios".
- David Hildenbrand has contributed the series "mm: remove
total_mapcount()", a cleanup.
- Matthew Wilcox has sought to improve the performance of bulk memory
freeing in his series "Rearrange batched folio freeing".
- Gang Li's series "hugetlb: parallelize hugetlb page init on boot"
provides large improvements in bootup times on large machines which
are configured to use large numbers of hugetlb pages.
- Matthew Wilcox's series "PageFlags cleanups" does that.
- Qi Zheng's series "minor fixes and supplement for ptdesc" does that
also. S390 is affected.
- Cleanups to our pagemap utility functions from Peter Xu in his series
"mm/treewide: Replace pXd_large() with pXd_leaf()".
- Nico Pache has fixed a few things with our hugepage selftests in his
series "selftests/mm: Improve Hugepage Test Handling in MM
Selftests".
- Also, of course, many singleton patches to many things. Please see
the individual changelogs for details.
* tag 'mm-stable-2024-03-13-20-04' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (435 commits)
mm/zswap: remove the memcpy if acomp is not sleepable
crypto: introduce: acomp_is_async to expose if comp drivers might sleep
memtest: use {READ,WRITE}_ONCE in memory scanning
mm: prohibit the last subpage from reusing the entire large folio
mm: recover pud_leaf() definitions in nopmd case
selftests/mm: skip the hugetlb-madvise tests on unmet hugepage requirements
selftests/mm: skip uffd hugetlb tests with insufficient hugepages
selftests/mm: dont fail testsuite due to a lack of hugepages
mm/huge_memory: skip invalid debugfs new_order input for folio split
mm/huge_memory: check new folio order when split a folio
mm, vmscan: retry kswapd's priority loop with cache_trim_mode off on failure
mm: add an explicit smp_wmb() to UFFDIO_CONTINUE
mm: fix list corruption in put_pages_list
mm: remove folio from deferred split list before uncharging it
filemap: avoid unnecessary major faults in filemap_fault()
mm,page_owner: drop unnecessary check
mm,page_owner: check for null stack_record before bumping its refcount
mm: swap: fix race between free_swap_and_cache() and swapoff()
mm/treewide: align up pXd_leaf() retval across archs
mm/treewide: drop pXd_large()
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull block handle updates from Christian Brauner:
"Last cycle we changed opening of block devices, and opening a block
device would return a bdev_handle. This allowed us to implement
support for restricting and forbidding writes to mounted block
devices. It was accompanied by converting and adding helpers to
operate on bdev_handles instead of plain block devices.
That was already a good step forward but ultimately it isn't necessary
to have special purpose helpers for opening block devices internally
that return a bdev_handle.
Fundamentally, opening a block device internally should just be
equivalent to opening files. So now all internal opens of block
devices return files just as a userspace open would. Instead of
introducing a separate indirection into bdev_open_by_*() via struct
bdev_handle bdev_file_open_by_*() is made to just return a struct
file. Opening and closing a block device just becomes equivalent to
opening and closing a file.
This all works well because internally we already have a pseudo fs for
block devices and so opening block devices is simple. There's a few
places where we needed to be careful such as during boot when the
kernel is supposed to mount the rootfs directly without init doing it.
Here we need to take care to ensure that we flush out any asynchronous
file close. That's what we already do for opening, unpacking, and
closing the initramfs. So nothing new here.
The equivalence of opening and closing block devices to regular files
is a win in and of itself. But it also has various other advantages.
We can remove struct bdev_handle completely. Various low-level helpers
are now private to the block layer. Other helpers were simply
removable completely.
A follow-up series that is already reviewed build on this and makes it
possible to remove bdev->bd_inode and allows various clean ups of the
buffer head code as well. All places where we stashed a bdev_handle
now just stash a file and use simple accessors to get to the actual
block device which was already the case for bdev_handle"
* tag 'vfs-6.9.super' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (35 commits)
block: remove bdev_handle completely
block: don't rely on BLK_OPEN_RESTRICT_WRITES when yielding write access
bdev: remove bdev pointer from struct bdev_handle
bdev: make struct bdev_handle private to the block layer
bdev: make bdev_{release, open_by_dev}() private to block layer
bdev: remove bdev_open_by_path()
reiserfs: port block device access to file
ocfs2: port block device access to file
nfs: port block device access to files
jfs: port block device access to file
f2fs: port block device access to files
ext4: port block device access to file
erofs: port device access to file
btrfs: port device access to file
bcachefs: port block device access to file
target: port block device access to file
s390: port block device access to file
nvme: port block device access to file
block2mtd: port device access to files
bcache: port block device access to files
...
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Currently, KEXEC_CORE select CRASH_CORE automatically because crash codes
need be built in to avoid compiling error when building kexec code even
though the crash dumping functionality is not enabled. E.g
--------------------
CONFIG_CRASH_CORE=y
CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE=y
CONFIG_KEXEC=y
CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE=y
---------------------
After splitting out crashkernel reservation code and vmcoreinfo exporting
code, there's only crash related code left in kernel/crash_core.c. Now
move crash related codes from kexec_core.c to crash_core.c and only build it
in when CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y.
And also wrap up crash codes inside CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP ifdeffery scope,
or replace inappropriate CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE ifdef with CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
ifdef in generic kernel files.
With these changes, crash_core codes are abstracted from kexec codes and
can be disabled at all if only kexec reboot feature is wanted.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240124051254.67105-5-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Yang Li <yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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When unpacking the initramfs or when mounting block devices we need to
ensure that any delayed fput() finished to prevent spurious errors.
The init process can be a proper kernel thread or a user mode helper.
In the latter case PF_KTHREAD isn't set. So we need to do both
flush_delayed_work() and task_work_run().
Since we'll port block device opening and closing to regular file open
and closing we need to ensure the same as for the initramfs. So just
make that a little helper.
Tested-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Tested-by: Srikanth Aithal <sraithal@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CA+G9fYttTwsbFuVq10igbSvP5xC6bf_XijM=mpUqrJV=uvUirQ@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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If initrd_start cpio extraction fails, CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM triggers
fallback to initrd.image handling via populate_initrd_image().
The populate_initrd_image() call follows successful extraction of any
built-in cpio archive at __initramfs_start, but currently performs
built-in archive extraction a second time.
Prior to commit b2a74d5f9d446 ("initramfs: remove clean_rootfs"),
the second built-in initramfs unpack call was used to repopulate entries
removed by clean_rootfs(), but it's no longer necessary now the contents
of the previous extraction are retained.
Signed-off-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240111062240.9362-1-ddiss@suse.de
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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When the kernel command line option "retain_initrd" is set, we do not
free the initrd memory. However, we also don't expose it to anyone for
consumption. That leaves us in a weird situation where the only user of
this feature is ppc64 and arm64 specific kexec tooling.
To make it more generally useful, this patch adds a kobject to the
firmware object that contains the initrd context when "retain_initrd"
is set. That way, we can access the initrd any time after boot from
user space and for example hand it into kexec as --initrd parameter
if we want to reboot the same initrd. Or inspect it directly locally.
With this patch applied, there is a new /sys/firmware/initrd file when
the kernel was booted with an initrd and "retain_initrd" command line
option is set.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com>
Tested-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231207235654.16622-1-graf@amazon.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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All callers of show_mem() pass 0 and NULL, so we can remove the two
arguments by directly calling __show_mem(0, NULL, MAX_NR_ZONES - 1) in
show_mem().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230630062253.189440-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Forwarding variadic argument lists can't be done by passing a va_list
to a function with signature foo(...) (as panic() has). It ends up
interpreting the va_list itself as a single argument instead of
iterating it. printf() happily accepts it of course, leading to corrupt
output.
Convert panic_show_mem() to a macro to allow forwarding the arguments.
The function is trivial enough that it's easier than trying to introduce
a vpanic() variant.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Gray <bgray@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Donnellan <ajd@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
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strtobool() is the same as kstrtobool(). However, the latter is more used
within the kernel.
In order to remove strtobool() and slightly simplify kstrtox.h, switch to
the other function name.
While at it, include the corresponding header file (<linux/kstrtox.h>)
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/2597e80cb7059ec6ad63a01b77d7c944dcc99195.1673716768.git.christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr
Signed-off-by: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Cc: wuchi <wuchi.zero@gmail.com>
Cc: XU pengfei <xupengfei@nfschina.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove unnecessary void* type casting.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221026080517.3221-1-xupengfei@nfschina.com
Signed-off-by: XU pengfei <xupengfei@nfschina.com>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: wuchi <wuchi.zero@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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As my_inptr is only used in __init function unpack_to_rootfs(), mark it as
__initdata to allow it be freed after boot.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220827071116.83078-1-wuchi.zero@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: wuchi <wuchi.zero@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace
Pull kthread updates from Eric Biederman:
"This updates init and user mode helper tasks to be ordinary user mode
tasks.
Commit 40966e316f86 ("kthread: Ensure struct kthread is present for
all kthreads") caused init and the user mode helper threads that call
kernel_execve to have struct kthread allocated for them. This struct
kthread going away during execve in turned made a use after free of
struct kthread possible.
Here, commit 343f4c49f243 ("kthread: Don't allocate kthread_struct for
init and umh") is enough to fix the use after free and is simple
enough to be backportable.
The rest of the changes pass struct kernel_clone_args to clean things
up and cause the code to make sense.
In making init and the user mode helpers tasks purely user mode tasks
I ran into two complications. The function task_tick_numa was
detecting tasks without an mm by testing for the presence of
PF_KTHREAD. The initramfs code in populate_initrd_image was using
flush_delayed_fput to ensuere the closing of all it's file descriptors
was complete, and flush_delayed_fput does not work in a userspace
thread.
I have looked and looked and more complications and in my code review
I have not found any, and neither has anyone else with the code
sitting in linux-next"
* tag 'kthread-cleanups-for-v5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace:
sched: Update task_tick_numa to ignore tasks without an mm
fork: Stop allowing kthreads to call execve
fork: Explicitly set PF_KTHREAD
init: Deal with the init process being a user mode process
fork: Generalize PF_IO_WORKER handling
fork: Explicity test for idle tasks in copy_thread
fork: Pass struct kernel_clone_args into copy_thread
kthread: Don't allocate kthread_struct for init and umh
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Add support for extraction of checksum-enabled "070702" cpio archives,
specified in Documentation/driver-api/early-userspace/buffer-format.rst.
Fail extraction if the calculated file data checksum doesn't match the
value carried in the header.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220404093429.27570-7-ddiss@suse.de
Signed-off-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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initramfs cpio mtime preservation, as implemented in commit 889d51a10712
("initramfs: add option to preserve mtime from initramfs cpio images"),
uses a linked list to defer directory mtime processing until after all
other items in the cpio archive have been processed. This is done to
ensure that parent directory mtimes aren't overwritten via subsequent
child creation.
The lkml link below indicates that the mtime retention use case was for
embedded devices with applications running exclusively out of initramfs,
where the 32-bit mtime value provided a rough file version identifier.
Linux distributions which discard an extracted initramfs immediately after
the root filesystem has been mounted may want to avoid the unnecessary
overhead.
This change adds a new INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME Kconfig option, which can
be used to disable on-by-default mtime retention and in turn speed up
initramfs extraction, particularly for cpio archives with large directory
counts.
Benchmarks with a one million directory cpio archive extracted 20 times
demonstrated:
mean extraction time (s) std dev
INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME=y 3.808 0.006
INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME unset 3.056 0.004
The above extraction times were measured using ftrace (initcall_finish -
initcall_start) values for populate_rootfs() with initramfs_async
disabled.
[ddiss@suse.de: rebase atop dir_entry.name flexible array member and drop separate initramfs_mtime.h header]
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/3/424
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220404093429.27570-4-ddiss@suse.de
Signed-off-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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dir_entry.name is currently allocated via a separate kstrdup(). Change it
to a flexible array member and allocate it along with struct dir_entry.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220404093429.27570-3-ddiss@suse.de
Signed-off-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Patch series "initramfs: "crc" cpio format and INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME", v7.
This patchset does some minor initramfs refactoring and allows cpio entry
mtime preservation to be disabled via a new Kconfig
INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME option.
Patches 4/6 to 6/6 implement support for creation and extraction of "crc"
cpio archives, which carry file data checksums. Basic tests for this
functionality can be found at https://github.com/rapido-linux/rapido/pull/163
This patch (of 6):
do_header() is called for each cpio entry and fails if the first six bytes
don't match "newc" magic. The magic check includes a special case error
message if POSIX.1 ASCII (cpio -H odc) magic is detected. This special
case POSIX.1 check can be nested under the "newc" mismatch code path to
avoid calling memcmp() twice in a non-error case.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220404093429.27570-1-ddiss@suse.de
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220404093429.27570-2-ddiss@suse.de
Signed-off-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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|
It is silly for user_mode_thread to leave PF_KTHREAD set
on the resulting task. Update the init process so that
it does not care if PF_KTHREAD is set or not.
Ensure do_populate_rootfs flushes all delayed fput work by calling
task_work_run. In the rare instance that async_schedule_domain calls
do_populate_rootfs synchronously it is possible do_populate_rootfs
will be called directly from the init process. At which point fput
will call "task_work_add(current, ..., TWA_RESUME)". The files on the
initramfs need to be completely put before we attempt to exec them
(which is before the code enters userspace). So call task_work_run
just in case there are any pending fput operations.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220506141512.516114-5-ebiederm@xmission.com
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
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|
Rename memblock_free_ptr() to memblock_free() and use memblock_free()
when freeing a virtual pointer so that memblock_free() will be a
counterpart of memblock_alloc()
The callers are updated with the below semantic patch and manual
addition of (void *) casting to pointers that are represented by
unsigned long variables.
@@
identifier vaddr;
expression size;
@@
(
- memblock_phys_free(__pa(vaddr), size);
+ memblock_free(vaddr, size);
|
- memblock_free_ptr(vaddr, size);
+ memblock_free(vaddr, size);
)
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: fixup]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211018192940.3d1d532f@canb.auug.org.au
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210930185031.18648-7-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Shahab Vahedi <Shahab.Vahedi@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Since memblock_free() operates on a physical range, make its name
reflect it and rename it to memblock_phys_free(), so it will be a
logical counterpart to memblock_phys_alloc().
The callers are updated with the below semantic patch:
@@
expression addr;
expression size;
@@
- memblock_free(addr, size);
+ memblock_phys_free(addr, size);
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210930185031.18648-6-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Shahab Vahedi <Shahab.Vahedi@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Currently, usermodehelper is enabled right before PID1 starts going
through the initcalls. However, any call of a usermodehelper from a
pure_, core_, postcore_, arch_, subsys_ or fs_ initcall is futile, as
there is no filesystem contents yet.
Up until commit e7cb072eb988 ("init/initramfs.c: do unpacking
asynchronously"), such calls, whether via some request_module(), a
legacy uevent "/sbin/hotplug" notification or something else, would
just fail silently with (presumably) -ENOENT from
kernel_execve(). However, that commit introduced the
wait_for_initramfs() synchronization hook which must be called from
the usermodehelper exec path right before the kernel_execve, in order
that request_module() et al done from *after* rootfs_initcall()
time (i.e. device_ and late_ initcalls) would continue to find a
populated initramfs as they used to.
Any call of wait_for_initramfs() done before the unpacking has been
scheduled (i.e. before rootfs_initcall time) must just return
immediately [and let the caller find an empty file system] in order
not to deadlock the machine. I mistakenly thought, and my limited
testing confirmed, that there were no such calls, so I added a
pr_warn_once() in wait_for_initramfs(). It turns out that one can
indeed hit request_module() as well as kobject_uevent_env() during
those early init calls, leading to a user-visible warning in the
kernel log emitted consistently for certain configurations.
We could just remove the pr_warn_once(), but I think it's better to
postpone enabling the usermodehelper framework until there is at least
some chance of finding the executable. That is also a little more
efficient in that a lot of work done in umh.c will be elided. However,
it does change the error seen by those early callers from -ENOENT to
-EBUSY, so there is a risk of a regression if any caller care about
the exact error value.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210728134638.329060-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Fixes: e7cb072eb988 ("init/initramfs.c: do unpacking asynchronously")
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reported-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Bruno Goncalves <bgoncalv@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Patch series "background initramfs unpacking, and CONFIG_MODPROBE_PATH", v3.
These two patches are independent, but better-together.
The second is a rather trivial patch that simply allows the developer to
change "/sbin/modprobe" to something else - e.g. the empty string, so
that all request_module() during early boot return -ENOENT early, without
even spawning a usermode helper, needlessly synchronizing with the
initramfs unpacking.
The first patch delegates decompressing the initramfs to a worker thread,
allowing do_initcalls() in main.c to proceed to the device_ and late_
initcalls without waiting for that decompression (and populating of
rootfs) to finish. Obviously, some of those later calls may rely on the
initramfs being available, so I've added synchronization points in the
firmware loader and usermodehelper paths - there might be other places
that would need this, but so far no one has been able to think of any
places I have missed.
There's not much to win if most of the functionality needed during boot is
only available as modules. But systems with a custom-made .config and
initramfs can boot faster, partly due to utilizing more than one cpu
earlier, partly by avoiding known-futile modprobe calls (which would still
trigger synchronization with the initramfs unpacking, thus eliminating
most of the first benefit).
This patch (of 2):
Most of the boot process doesn't actually need anything from the
initramfs, until of course PID1 is to be executed. So instead of doing
the decompressing and populating of the initramfs synchronously in
populate_rootfs() itself, push that off to a worker thread.
This is primarily motivated by an embedded ppc target, where unpacking
even the rather modest sized initramfs takes 0.6 seconds, which is long
enough that the external watchdog becomes unhappy that it doesn't get
attention soon enough. By doing the initramfs decompression in a worker
thread, we get to do the device_initcalls and hence start petting the
watchdog much sooner.
Normal desktops might benefit as well. On my mostly stock Ubuntu kernel,
my initramfs is a 26M xz-compressed blob, decompressing to around 126M.
That takes almost two seconds:
[ 0.201454] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
[ 1.976633] Freeing initrd memory: 29416K
Before this patch, these lines occur consecutively in dmesg. With this
patch, the timestamps on these two lines is roughly the same as above, but
with 172 lines inbetween - so more than one cpu has been kept busy doing
work that would otherwise only happen after the populate_rootfs()
finished.
Should one of the initcalls done after rootfs_initcall time (i.e., device_
and late_ initcalls) need something from the initramfs (say, a kernel
module or a firmware blob), it will simply wait for the initramfs
unpacking to be done before proceeding, which should in theory make this
completely safe.
But if some driver pokes around in the filesystem directly and not via one
of the official kernel interfaces (i.e. request_firmware*(),
call_usermodehelper*) that theory may not hold - also, I certainly might
have missed a spot when sprinkling wait_for_initramfs(). So there is an
escape hatch in the form of an initramfs_async= command line parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210313212528.2956377-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210313212528.2956377-2-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux
Pull RISC-V updates from Palmer Dabbelt:
"A handful of new RISC-V related patches for this merge window:
- A check to ensure drivers are properly using uaccess. This isn't
manifesting with any of the drivers I'm currently using, but may
catch errors in new drivers.
- Some preliminary support for the FU740, along with the HiFive
Unleashed it will appear on.
- NUMA support for RISC-V, which involves making the arm64 code
generic.
- Support for kasan on the vmalloc region.
- A handful of new drivers for the Kendryte K210, along with the DT
plumbing required to boot on a handful of K210-based boards.
- Support for allocating ASIDs.
- Preliminary support for kernels larger than 128MiB.
- Various other improvements to our KASAN support, including the
utilization of huge pages when allocating the KASAN regions.
We may have already found a bug with the KASAN_VMALLOC code, but it's
passing my tests. There's a fix in the works, but that will probably
miss the merge window.
* tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.12-mw0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux: (75 commits)
riscv: Improve kasan population by using hugepages when possible
riscv: Improve kasan population function
riscv: Use KASAN_SHADOW_INIT define for kasan memory initialization
riscv: Improve kasan definitions
riscv: Get rid of MAX_EARLY_MAPPING_SIZE
soc: canaan: Sort the Makefile alphabetically
riscv: Disable KSAN_SANITIZE for vDSO
riscv: Remove unnecessary declaration
riscv: Add Canaan Kendryte K210 SD card defconfig
riscv: Update Canaan Kendryte K210 defconfig
riscv: Add Kendryte KD233 board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIXDUINO board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIX GO board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIX DOCK board device tree
riscv: Add SiPeed MAIX BiT board device tree
riscv: Update Canaan Kendryte K210 device tree
dt-bindings: add resets property to dw-apb-timer
dt-bindings: fix sifive gpio properties
dt-bindings: update sifive uart compatible string
dt-bindings: update sifive clint compatible string
...
|
|
On systems with large amounts of reserved memory we may fail to
successfully complete unpack_to_rootfs() and be left with:
Kernel panic - not syncing: write error
this is not too helpful to understand what happened, so let's wrap the
panic() calls with a surrounding show_mem() such that we have a chance of
understanding the memory conditions leading to these allocation failures.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: replace macro with C function]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210114231517.1854379-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Barret Rhoden <brho@google.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Some architectures(eg, ARM and riscv) have similar logic to
check and reserve the memory of initrd, let's provide a common
function reserve_initrd_mem() to reduce duplicated code.
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>
|
|
There is only one function in init/initramfs.c that is in the .text
section, and it is marked __weak. When building with clang-12 and the
integrated assembler, this leads to a bug with recordmcount:
./scripts/recordmcount "init/initramfs.o"
Cannot find symbol for section 2: .text.
init/initramfs.o: failed
I'm not quite sure what exactly goes wrong, but I notice that this
function is only ever called from an __init function, and normally
inlined. Marking it __init as well is clearly correct and it leads to
recordmcount no longer complaining.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201204165742.3815221-1-arnd@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Barret Rhoden <brho@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
init_stat() returns 0 on success, same as vfs_lstat(). When it replaced
vfs_lstat(), the '!' was dropped.
Fixes: 716308a5331b ("init: add an init_stat helper")
Signed-off-by: Barret Rhoden <brho@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Add a simple helper to set timestamps with a kernel space file name and
switch the early init code over to it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to stat with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to mknod with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it. Remove the now unused ksys_mknod.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to mkdir with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it. Remove the now unused ksys_mkdir.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to symlink with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it. Remove the now unused ksys_symlink.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to link with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it. Remove the now unused ksys_link.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to chmod with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to chown with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to rmdir with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it. Remove the now unused ksys_rmdir.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Add a simple helper to unlink with a kernel space file name and switch
the early init code over to it. Remove the now unused ksys_unlink.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Don't bother saving away the pathname and just use the new struct path
based utimes helper instead.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
There is no good reason to mess with file descriptors from in-kernel
code, switch the initramfs unpacking to struct file based write
instead.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
There is no point in trying to clean up after unpacking the initramfs
failed, as it should never get past the magic number check. In addition
the current code only removes file that are direct children of the root
entry, which wasn't complete anyway
Fixes: df52092f3c97 ("fastboot: remove duplicate unpack_to_rootfs()")
Reported-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
If initrd support is not enable just print the warning directly instead
of hiding the fact that we just failed behind two stub functions.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
It seems that for whatever reason, gcc-10 ends up not inlining a couple
of functions that used to be inlined before. Even if they only have one
single callsite - it looks like gcc may have decided that the code was
unlikely, and not worth inlining.
The code generation difference is harmless, but caused a few new section
mismatch errors, since the (now no longer inlined) function wasn't in
the __init section, but called other init functions:
Section mismatch in reference from the function kexec_free_initrd() to the function .init.text:free_initrd_mem()
Section mismatch in reference from the function tpm2_calc_event_log_size() to the function .init.text:early_memremap()
Section mismatch in reference from the function tpm2_calc_event_log_size() to the function .init.text:early_memunmap()
So add the appropriate __init annotation to make modpost not complain.
In both cases there were trivially just a single callsite from another
__init function.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
arm64 calls memblock_free() for the initrd area in its implementation of
free_initrd_mem(), but this call has no actual effect that late in the boot
process. By the time initrd is freed, all the reserved memory is managed by
the page allocator and the memblock.reserved is unused, so the only purpose
of the memblock_free() call is to keep track of initrd memory for debugging
and accounting.
Without the memblock_free() call the only difference between arm64 and the
generic versions of free_initrd_mem() is the memory poisoning.
Move memblock_free() call to the generic code, enable it there
for the architectures that define ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK and use the generic
implementation of free_initrd_mem() on arm64.
Tested-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> #arm64
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
|
|
With gcc-4.6.3:
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text.unlikely+0x140): Section mismatch in reference from the function populate_initrd_image() to the variable .init.ramfs.info:__initramfs_size
The function populate_initrd_image() references
the variable __init __initramfs_size.
This is often because populate_initrd_image lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of __initramfs_size is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text.unlikely+0x14c): Section mismatch in reference from the function populate_initrd_image() to the function .init.text:unpack_to_rootfs()
The function populate_initrd_image() references
the function __init unpack_to_rootfs().
This is often because populate_initrd_image lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of unpack_to_rootfs is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text.unlikely+0x198): Section mismatch in reference from the function populate_initrd_image() to the function .init.text:xwrite()
The function populate_initrd_image() references
the function __init xwrite().
This is often because populate_initrd_image lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of xwrite is wrong.
Indeed, if the compiler decides not to inline populate_initrd_image(), a
warning is generated.
Fix this by adding the missing __init annotations.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190617074340.12779-1-geert@linux-m68k.org
Fixes: 7c184ecd262fe64f ("initramfs: factor out a helper to populate the initrd image")
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Since commit 54c7a8916a88 ("initramfs: free initrd memory if opening
/initrd.image fails"), the kernel has unconditionally attempted to free
the initrd even if it doesn't exist.
In the non-existent case this causes a boot-time splat if
CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL is enabled due to a call to virt_to_phys() with a
NULL address.
Instead we should check that the initrd actually exists and only attempt
to free it if it does.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190516143125.48948-1-steven.price@arm.com
Fixes: 54c7a8916a88 ("initramfs: free initrd memory if opening /initrd.image fails")
Signed-off-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Reported-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Various architectures including x86 poison the freed initrd memory. Do
the same in the generic free_initrd_mem implementation and switch a few
more architectures that are identical to the generic code over to it now.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190213174621.29297-9-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [arm64]
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k]
Cc: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
