diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'tools/testing/selftests/kvm')
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/get-reg-list.c | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c | 429 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/steal_time.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c | 41 |
9 files changed, 478 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore index 06a351b4f93b..0709af0144c8 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore @@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ /x86_64/xen_vmcall_test /x86_64/xss_msr_test /x86_64/vmx_pmu_msrs_test +/access_tracking_perf_test /demand_paging_test /dirty_log_test /dirty_log_perf_test diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile index b853be2ae3c6..5832f510a16c 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile @@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/tsc_msrs_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/vmx_pmu_msrs_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/xen_shinfo_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/xen_vmcall_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += access_tracking_perf_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += demand_paging_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += dirty_log_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += dirty_log_perf_test diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/get-reg-list.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/get-reg-list.c index a16c8f05366c..cc898181faab 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/get-reg-list.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/get-reg-list.c @@ -1019,7 +1019,8 @@ static __u64 sve_rejects_set[] = { #define VREGS_SUBLIST \ { "vregs", .regs = vregs, .regs_n = ARRAY_SIZE(vregs), } #define PMU_SUBLIST \ - { "pmu", .regs = pmu_regs, .regs_n = ARRAY_SIZE(pmu_regs), } + { "pmu", .capability = KVM_CAP_ARM_PMU_V3, .feature = KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3, \ + .regs = pmu_regs, .regs_n = ARRAY_SIZE(pmu_regs), } #define SVE_SUBLIST \ { "sve", .capability = KVM_CAP_ARM_SVE, .feature = KVM_ARM_VCPU_SVE, .finalize = true, \ .regs = sve_regs, .regs_n = ARRAY_SIZE(sve_regs), \ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e2baa187a21e --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c @@ -0,0 +1,429 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * access_tracking_perf_test + * + * Copyright (C) 2021, Google, Inc. + * + * This test measures the performance effects of KVM's access tracking. + * Access tracking is driven by the MMU notifiers test_young, clear_young, and + * clear_flush_young. These notifiers do not have a direct userspace API, + * however the clear_young notifier can be triggered by marking a pages as idle + * in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. This test leverages that mechanism to + * enable access tracking on guest memory. + * + * To measure performance this test runs a VM with a configurable number of + * vCPUs that each touch every page in disjoint regions of memory. Performance + * is measured in the time it takes all vCPUs to finish touching their + * predefined region. + * + * Note that a deterministic correctness test of access tracking is not possible + * by using page_idle as it exists today. This is for a few reasons: + * + * 1. page_idle only issues clear_young notifiers, which lack a TLB flush. This + * means subsequent guest accesses are not guaranteed to see page table + * updates made by KVM until some time in the future. + * + * 2. page_idle only operates on LRU pages. Newly allocated pages are not + * immediately allocated to LRU lists. Instead they are held in a "pagevec", + * which is drained to LRU lists some time in the future. There is no + * userspace API to force this drain to occur. + * + * These limitations are worked around in this test by using a large enough + * region of memory for each vCPU such that the number of translations cached in + * the TLB and the number of pages held in pagevecs are a small fraction of the + * overall workload. And if either of those conditions are not true this test + * will fail rather than silently passing. + */ +#include <inttypes.h> +#include <limits.h> +#include <pthread.h> +#include <sys/mman.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> + +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "test_util.h" +#include "perf_test_util.h" +#include "guest_modes.h" + +/* Global variable used to synchronize all of the vCPU threads. */ +static int iteration = -1; + +/* Defines what vCPU threads should do during a given iteration. */ +static enum { + /* Run the vCPU to access all its memory. */ + ITERATION_ACCESS_MEMORY, + /* Mark the vCPU's memory idle in page_idle. */ + ITERATION_MARK_IDLE, +} iteration_work; + +/* Set to true when vCPU threads should exit. */ +static bool done; + +/* The iteration that was last completed by each vCPU. */ +static int vcpu_last_completed_iteration[KVM_MAX_VCPUS]; + +/* Whether to overlap the regions of memory vCPUs access. */ +static bool overlap_memory_access; + +struct test_params { + /* The backing source for the region of memory. */ + enum vm_mem_backing_src_type backing_src; + + /* The amount of memory to allocate for each vCPU. */ + uint64_t vcpu_memory_bytes; + + /* The number of vCPUs to create in the VM. */ + int vcpus; +}; + +static uint64_t pread_uint64(int fd, const char *filename, uint64_t index) +{ + uint64_t value; + off_t offset = index * sizeof(value); + + TEST_ASSERT(pread(fd, &value, sizeof(value), offset) == sizeof(value), + "pread from %s offset 0x%" PRIx64 " failed!", + filename, offset); + + return value; + +} + +#define PAGEMAP_PRESENT (1ULL << 63) +#define PAGEMAP_PFN_MASK ((1ULL << 55) - 1) + +static uint64_t lookup_pfn(int pagemap_fd, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t gva) +{ + uint64_t hva = (uint64_t) addr_gva2hva(vm, gva); + uint64_t entry; + uint64_t pfn; + + entry = pread_uint64(pagemap_fd, "pagemap", hva / getpagesize()); + if (!(entry & PAGEMAP_PRESENT)) + return 0; + + pfn = entry & PAGEMAP_PFN_MASK; + if (!pfn) { + print_skip("Looking up PFNs requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN"); + exit(KSFT_SKIP); + } + + return pfn; +} + +static bool is_page_idle(int page_idle_fd, uint64_t pfn) +{ + uint64_t bits = pread_uint64(page_idle_fd, "page_idle", pfn / 64); + + return !!((bits >> (pfn % 64)) & 1); +} + +static void mark_page_idle(int page_idle_fd, uint64_t pfn) +{ + uint64_t bits = 1ULL << (pfn % 64); + + TEST_ASSERT(pwrite(page_idle_fd, &bits, 8, 8 * (pfn / 64)) == 8, + "Set page_idle bits for PFN 0x%" PRIx64, pfn); +} + +static void mark_vcpu_memory_idle(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpu_id) +{ + uint64_t base_gva = perf_test_args.vcpu_args[vcpu_id].gva; + uint64_t pages = perf_test_args.vcpu_args[vcpu_id].pages; + uint64_t page; + uint64_t still_idle = 0; + uint64_t no_pfn = 0; + int page_idle_fd; + int pagemap_fd; + + /* If vCPUs are using an overlapping region, let vCPU 0 mark it idle. */ + if (overlap_memory_access && vcpu_id) + return; + + page_idle_fd = open("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", O_RDWR); + TEST_ASSERT(page_idle_fd > 0, "Failed to open page_idle."); + + pagemap_fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY); + TEST_ASSERT(pagemap_fd > 0, "Failed to open pagemap."); + + for (page = 0; page < pages; page++) { + uint64_t gva = base_gva + page * perf_test_args.guest_page_size; + uint64_t pfn = lookup_pfn(pagemap_fd, vm, gva); + + if (!pfn) { + no_pfn++; + continue; + } + + if (is_page_idle(page_idle_fd, pfn)) { + still_idle++; + continue; + } + + mark_page_idle(page_idle_fd, pfn); + } + + /* + * Assumption: Less than 1% of pages are going to be swapped out from + * under us during this test. + */ + TEST_ASSERT(no_pfn < pages / 100, + "vCPU %d: No PFN for %" PRIu64 " out of %" PRIu64 " pages.", + vcpu_id, no_pfn, pages); + + /* + * Test that at least 90% of memory has been marked idle (the rest might + * not be marked idle because the pages have not yet made it to an LRU + * list or the translations are still cached in the TLB). 90% is + * arbitrary; high enough that we ensure most memory access went through + * access tracking but low enough as to not make the test too brittle + * over time and across architectures. + */ + TEST_ASSERT(still_idle < pages / 10, + "vCPU%d: Too many pages still idle (%"PRIu64 " out of %" + PRIu64 ").\n", + vcpu_id, still_idle, pages); + + close(page_idle_fd); + close(pagemap_fd); +} + +static void assert_ucall(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id, + uint64_t expected_ucall) +{ + struct ucall uc; + uint64_t actual_ucall = get_ucall(vm, vcpu_id, &uc); + + TEST_ASSERT(expected_ucall == actual_ucall, + "Guest exited unexpectedly (expected ucall %" PRIu64 + ", got %" PRIu64 ")", + expected_ucall, actual_ucall); +} + +static bool spin_wait_for_next_iteration(int *current_iteration) +{ + int last_iteration = *current_iteration; + + do { + if (READ_ONCE(done)) + return false; + + *current_iteration = READ_ONCE(iteration); + } while (last_iteration == *current_iteration); + + return true; +} + +static void *vcpu_thread_main(void *arg) +{ + struct perf_test_vcpu_args *vcpu_args = arg; + struct kvm_vm *vm = perf_test_args.vm; + int vcpu_id = vcpu_args->vcpu_id; + int current_iteration = -1; + + vcpu_args_set(vm, vcpu_id, 1, vcpu_id); + + while (spin_wait_for_next_iteration(¤t_iteration)) { + switch (READ_ONCE(iteration_work)) { + case ITERATION_ACCESS_MEMORY: + vcpu_run(vm, vcpu_id); + assert_ucall(vm, vcpu_id, UCALL_SYNC); + break; + case ITERATION_MARK_IDLE: + mark_vcpu_memory_idle(vm, vcpu_id); + break; + }; + + vcpu_last_completed_iteration[vcpu_id] = current_iteration; + } + + return NULL; +} + +static void spin_wait_for_vcpu(int vcpu_id, int target_iteration) +{ + while (READ_ONCE(vcpu_last_completed_iteration[vcpu_id]) != + target_iteration) { + continue; + } +} + +/* The type of memory accesses to perform in the VM. */ +enum access_type { + ACCESS_READ, + ACCESS_WRITE, +}; + +static void run_iteration(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpus, const char *description) +{ + struct timespec ts_start; + struct timespec ts_elapsed; + int next_iteration; + int vcpu_id; + + /* Kick off the vCPUs by incrementing iteration. */ + next_iteration = ++iteration; + + clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts_start); + + /* Wait for all vCPUs to finish the iteration. */ + for (vcpu_id = 0; vcpu_id < vcpus; vcpu_id++) + spin_wait_for_vcpu(vcpu_id, next_iteration); + + ts_elapsed = timespec_elapsed(ts_start); + pr_info("%-30s: %ld.%09lds\n", + description, ts_elapsed.tv_sec, ts_elapsed.tv_nsec); +} + +static void access_memory(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpus, enum access_type access, + const char *description) +{ + perf_test_args.wr_fract = (access == ACCESS_READ) ? INT_MAX : 1; + sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args); + iteration_work = ITERATION_ACCESS_MEMORY; + run_iteration(vm, vcpus, description); +} + +static void mark_memory_idle(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpus) +{ + /* + * Even though this parallelizes the work across vCPUs, this is still a + * very slow operation because page_idle forces the test to mark one pfn + * at a time and the clear_young notifier serializes on the KVM MMU + * lock. + */ + pr_debug("Marking VM memory idle (slow)...\n"); + iteration_work = ITERATION_MARK_IDLE; + run_iteration(vm, vcpus, "Mark memory idle"); +} + +static pthread_t *create_vcpu_threads(int vcpus) +{ + pthread_t *vcpu_threads; + int i; + + vcpu_threads = malloc(vcpus * sizeof(vcpu_threads[0])); + TEST_ASSERT(vcpu_threads, "Failed to allocate vcpu_threads."); + + for (i = 0; i < vcpus; i++) { + vcpu_last_completed_iteration[i] = iteration; + pthread_create(&vcpu_threads[i], NULL, vcpu_thread_main, + &perf_test_args.vcpu_args[i]); + } + + return vcpu_threads; +} + +static void terminate_vcpu_threads(pthread_t *vcpu_threads, int vcpus) +{ + int i; + + /* Set done to signal the vCPU threads to exit */ + done = true; + + for (i = 0; i < vcpus; i++) + pthread_join(vcpu_threads[i], NULL); +} + +static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg) +{ + struct test_params *params = arg; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + pthread_t *vcpu_threads; + int vcpus = params->vcpus; + + vm = perf_test_create_vm(mode, vcpus, params->vcpu_memory_bytes, + params->backing_src); + + perf_test_setup_vcpus(vm, vcpus, params->vcpu_memory_bytes, + !overlap_memory_access); + + vcpu_threads = create_vcpu_threads(vcpus); + + pr_info("\n"); + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_WRITE, "Populating memory"); + + /* As a control, read and write to the populated memory first. */ + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_WRITE, "Writing to populated memory"); + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_READ, "Reading from populated memory"); + + /* Repeat on memory that has been marked as idle. */ + mark_memory_idle(vm, vcpus); + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_WRITE, "Writing to idle memory"); + mark_memory_idle(vm, vcpus); + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_READ, "Reading from idle memory"); + + terminate_vcpu_threads(vcpu_threads, vcpus); + free(vcpu_threads); + perf_test_destroy_vm(vm); +} + +static void help(char *name) +{ + puts(""); + printf("usage: %s [-h] [-m mode] [-b vcpu_bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-s mem_type]\n", + name); + puts(""); + printf(" -h: Display this help message."); + guest_modes_help(); + printf(" -b: specify the size of the memory region which should be\n" + " dirtied by each vCPU. e.g. 10M or 3G.\n" + " (default: 1G)\n"); + printf(" -v: specify the number of vCPUs to run.\n"); + printf(" -o: Overlap guest memory accesses instead of partitioning\n" + " them into a separate region of memory for each vCPU.\n"); + printf(" -s: specify the type of memory that should be used to\n" + " back the guest data region.\n\n"); + backing_src_help(); + puts(""); + exit(0); +} + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + struct test_params params = { + .backing_src = VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS, + .vcpu_memory_bytes = DEFAULT_PER_VCPU_MEM_SIZE, + .vcpus = 1, + }; + int page_idle_fd; + int opt; + + guest_modes_append_default(); + + while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hm:b:v:os:")) != -1) { + switch (opt) { + case 'm': + guest_modes_cmdline(optarg); + break; + case 'b': + params.vcpu_memory_bytes = parse_size(optarg); + break; + case 'v': + params.vcpus = atoi(optarg); + break; + case 'o': + overlap_memory_access = true; + break; + case 's': + params.backing_src = parse_backing_src_type(optarg); + break; + case 'h': + default: + help(argv[0]); + break; + } + } + + page_idle_fd = open("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", O_RDWR); + if (page_idle_fd < 0) { + print_skip("CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING is not enabled"); + exit(KSFT_SKIP); + } + close(page_idle_fd); + + for_each_guest_mode(run_test, ¶ms); + + return 0; +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c index 04a2641261be..80cbd3a748c0 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c @@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) break; case 'o': p.partition_vcpu_memory_access = false; + break; case 's': p.backing_src = parse_backing_src_type(optarg); break; diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h index 412eaee7884a..b66910702c0a 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ #define HV_X64_GUEST_DEBUGGING_AVAILABLE BIT(1) #define HV_X64_PERF_MONITOR_AVAILABLE BIT(2) #define HV_X64_CPU_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONING_AVAILABLE BIT(3) -#define HV_X64_HYPERCALL_PARAMS_XMM_AVAILABLE BIT(4) +#define HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE BIT(4) #define HV_X64_GUEST_IDLE_STATE_AVAILABLE BIT(5) #define HV_FEATURE_FREQUENCY_MSRS_AVAILABLE BIT(8) #define HV_FEATURE_GUEST_CRASH_MSR_AVAILABLE BIT(10) @@ -182,4 +182,7 @@ #define HV_STATUS_INVALID_CONNECTION_ID 18 #define HV_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFERS 19 +/* hypercall options */ +#define HV_HYPERCALL_FAST_BIT BIT(16) + #endif /* !SELFTEST_KVM_HYPERV_H */ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/steal_time.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/steal_time.c index b0031f2d38fd..ecec30865a74 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/steal_time.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/steal_time.c @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av) run_delay = get_run_delay(); pthread_create(&thread, &attr, do_steal_time, NULL); do - pthread_yield(); + sched_yield(); while (get_run_delay() - run_delay < MIN_RUN_DELAY_NS); pthread_join(thread, NULL); run_delay = get_run_delay() - run_delay; diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c index bab10ae787b6..e0b2bb1339b1 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ int main(void) vcpu_set_hv_cpuid(vm, VCPU_ID); tsc_page_gva = vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm); - memset(addr_gpa2hva(vm, tsc_page_gva), 0x0, getpagesize()); + memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, tsc_page_gva), 0x0, getpagesize()); TEST_ASSERT((addr_gva2gpa(vm, tsc_page_gva) & (getpagesize() - 1)) == 0, "TSC page has to be page aligned\n"); vcpu_args_set(vm, VCPU_ID, 2, tsc_page_gva, addr_gva2gpa(vm, tsc_page_gva)); diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c index af27c7e829c1..91d88aaa9899 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static void do_wrmsr(u32 idx, u64 val) } static int nr_gp; +static int nr_ud; static inline u64 hypercall(u64 control, vm_vaddr_t input_address, vm_vaddr_t output_address) @@ -80,6 +81,12 @@ static void guest_gp_handler(struct ex_regs *regs) regs->rip = (uint64_t)&wrmsr_end; } +static void guest_ud_handler(struct ex_regs *regs) +{ + nr_ud++; + regs->rip += 3; +} + struct msr_data { uint32_t idx; bool available; @@ -90,6 +97,7 @@ struct msr_data { struct hcall_data { uint64_t control; uint64_t expect; + bool ud_expected; }; static void guest_msr(struct msr_data *msr) @@ -117,13 +125,26 @@ static void guest_msr(struct msr_data *msr) static void guest_hcall(vm_vaddr_t pgs_gpa, struct hcall_data *hcall) { int i = 0; + u64 res, input, output; wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, LINUX_OS_ID); wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_HYPERCALL, pgs_gpa); while (hcall->control) { - GUEST_ASSERT(hypercall(hcall->control, pgs_gpa, - pgs_gpa + 4096) == hcall->expect); + nr_ud = 0; + if (!(hcall->control & HV_HYPERCALL_FAST_BIT)) { + input = pgs_gpa; + output = pgs_gpa + 4096; + } else { + input = output = 0; + } + + res = hypercall(hcall->control, input, output); + if (hcall->ud_expected) + GUEST_ASSERT(nr_ud == 1); + else + GUEST_ASSERT(res == hcall->expect); + GUEST_SYNC(i++); } @@ -552,8 +573,18 @@ static void guest_test_hcalls_access(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct hcall_data *hcall recomm.ebx = 0xfff; hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_SUCCESS; break; - case 17: + /* XMM fast hypercall */ + hcall->control = HVCALL_FLUSH_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_SPACE | HV_HYPERCALL_FAST_BIT; + hcall->ud_expected = true; + break; + case 18: + feat.edx |= HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE; + hcall->ud_expected = false; + hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_SUCCESS; + break; + + case 19: /* END */ hcall->control = 0; break; @@ -625,6 +656,10 @@ int main(void) /* Test hypercalls */ vm = vm_create_default(VCPU_ID, 0, guest_hcall); + vm_init_descriptor_tables(vm); + vcpu_init_descriptor_tables(vm, VCPU_ID); + vm_install_exception_handler(vm, UD_VECTOR, guest_ud_handler); + /* Hypercall input/output */ hcall_page = vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 2); memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, hcall_page), 0x0, 2 * getpagesize()); |