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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2024-07-16 19:28:34 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2024-07-16 19:28:34 -0700
commit51835949dda3783d4639cfa74ce13a3c9829de00 (patch)
tree2b593de5eba6ecc73f7c58fc65fdaffae45c7323 /Documentation/networking/iso15765-2.rst
parent0434dbe32053d07d658165be681505120c6b1abc (diff)
parent77ae5e5b00720372af2860efdc4bc652ac682696 (diff)
Merge tag 'net-next-6.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextHEADmaster
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Not much excitement - a handful of large patchsets (devmem among them) did not make it in time. Core & protocols: - Use local_lock in addition to local_bh_disable() to protect per-CPU resources in networking, a step closer for local_bh_disable() not to act as a big lock on PREEMPT_RT - Use flex array for netdevice priv area, ensure its cache alignment - Add a sysctl knob to allow user to specify a default rto_min at socket init time. Bit of a big hammer but multiple companies were independently carrying such patch downstream so clearly it's useful - Support scheduling transmission of packets based on CLOCK_TAI - Un-pin TCP TIMEWAIT timer to avoid it firing on CPUs later cordoned off using cpusets - Support multiple L2TPv3 UDP tunnels using the same 5-tuple address - Allow configuration of multipath hash seed, to both allow synchronizing hashing of two routers, and preventing partial accidental sync - Improve TCP compliance with RFC 9293 for simultaneous connect() - Support sending NAT keepalives in IPsec ESP in UDP states. Userspace IKE daemon had to do this before, but the kernel can better keep track of it - Support sending supervision HSR frames with MAC addresses stored in ProxyNodeTable when RedBox (i.e. HSR-SAN) is enabled - Introduce IPPROTO_SMC for selecting SMC when socket is created - Allow UDP GSO transmit from devices with no checksum offload - openvswitch: add packet sampling via psample, separating the sampled traffic from "upcall" packets sent to user space for forwarding - nf_tables: shrink memory consumption for transaction objects Things we sprinkled into general kernel code: - Power Sequencing subsystem (used by Qualcomm Bluetooth driver for QCA6390) [ Already merged separately - Linus ] - Add IRQ information in sysfs for auxiliary bus - Introduce guard definition for local_lock - Add aligned flavor of __cacheline_group_{begin, end}() markings for grouping fields in structures BPF: - Notify user space (via epoll) when a struct_ops object is getting detached/unregistered - Add new kfuncs for a generic, open-coded bits iterator - Enable BPF programs to declare arrays of kptr, bpf_rb_root, and bpf_list_head - Support resilient split BTF which cuts down on duplication and makes BTF as compact as possible WRT BTF from modules - Add support for dumping kfunc prototypes from BTF which enables both detecting as well as dumping compilable prototypes for kfuncs - riscv64 BPF JIT improvements in particular to add 12-argument support for BPF trampolines and to utilize bpf_prog_pack for the latter - Add the capability to offload the netfilter flowtable in XDP layer through kfuncs Driver API: - Allow users to configure IRQ tresholds between which automatic IRQ moderation can choose - Expand Power Sourcing (PoE) status with power, class and failure reason. Support setting power limits - Track additional RSS contexts in the core, make sure configuration changes don't break them - Support IPsec crypto offload for IPv6 ESP and IPv4 UDP-encapsulated ESP data paths - Support updating firmware on SFP modules Tests and tooling: - mptcp: use net/lib.sh to manage netns - TCP-AO and TCP-MD5: replace debug prints used by tests with tracepoints - openvswitch: make test self-contained (don't depend on OvS CLI tools) Drivers: - Ethernet high-speed NICs: - Broadcom (bnxt): - increase the max total outstanding PTP TX packets to 4 - add timestamping statistics support - implement netdev_queue_mgmt_ops - support new RSS context API - Intel (100G, ice, idpf): - implement FEC statistics and dumping signal quality indicators - support E825C products (with 56Gbps PHYs) - nVidia/Mellanox: - support HW-GRO - mlx4/mlx5: support per-queue statistics via netlink - obey the max number of EQs setting in sub-functions - AMD/Solarflare: - support new RSS context API - AMD/Pensando: - ionic: rework fix for doorbell miss to lower overhead and skip it on new HW - Wangxun: - txgbe: support Flow Director perfect filters - Ethernet NICs consumer, embedded and virtual: - Add driver for Tehuti Networks TN40xx chips - Add driver for Meta's internal NIC chips - Add driver for Ethernet MAC on Airoha EN7581 SoCs - Add driver for Renesas Ethernet-TSN devices - Google cloud vNIC: - flow steering support - Microsoft vNIC: - support page sizes other than 4KB on ARM64 - vmware vNIC: - support latency measurement (update to version 9) - VirtIO net: - support for Byte Queue Limits - support configuring thresholds for automatic IRQ moderation - support for AF_XDP Rx zero-copy - Synopsys (stmmac): - support for STM32MP13 SoC - let platforms select the right PCS implementation - TI: - icssg-prueth: add multicast filtering support - icssg-prueth: enable PTP timestamping and PPS - Renesas: - ravb: improve Rx performance 30-400% by using page pool, theaded NAPI and timer-based IRQ coalescing - ravb: add MII support for R-Car V4M - Cadence (macb): - macb: add ARP support to Wake-On-LAN - Cortina: - use phylib for RX and TX pause configuration - Ethernet switches: - nVidia/Mellanox: - support configuration of multipath hash seed - report more accurate max MTU - use page_pool to improve Rx performance - MediaTek: - mt7530: add support for bridge port isolation - Qualcomm: - qca8k: add support for bridge port isolation - Microchip: - lan9371/2: add 100BaseTX PHY support - NXP: - vsc73xx: implement VLAN operations - Ethernet PHYs: - aquantia: enable support for aqr115c - aquantia: add support for PHY LEDs - realtek: add support for rtl8224 2.5Gbps PHY - xpcs: add memory-mapped device support - add BroadR-Reach link mode and support in Broadcom's PHY driver - CAN: - add document for ISO 15765-2 protocol support - mcp251xfd: workaround for erratum DS80000789E, use timestamps to catch when device returns incorrect FIFO status - WiFi: - mac80211/cfg80211: - parse Transmit Power Envelope (TPE) data in mac80211 instead of in drivers - improvements for 6 GHz regulatory flexibility - multi-link improvements - support multiple radios per wiphy - remove DEAUTH_NEED_MGD_TX_PREP flag - Intel (iwlwifi): - bump FW API to 91 for BZ/SC devices - report 64-bit radiotap timestamp - enable P2P low latency by default - handle Transmit Power Envelope (TPE) advertised by AP - remove support for older FW for new devices - fast resume (keeping the device configured) - mvm: re-enable Multi-Link Operation (MLO) - aggregation (A-MSDU) optimizations - MediaTek (mt76): - mt7925 Multi-Link Operation (MLO) support - Qualcomm (ath10k): - LED support for various chipsets - Qualcomm (ath12k): - remove unsupported Tx monitor handling - support channel 2 in 6 GHz band - support Spatial Multiplexing Power Save (SMPS) in 6 GHz band - supprt multiple BSSID (MBSSID) and Enhanced Multi-BSSID Advertisements (EMA) - support dynamic VLAN - add panic handler for resetting the firmware state - DebugFS support for datapath statistics - WCN7850: support for Wake on WLAN - Microchip (wilc1000): - read MAC address during probe to make it visible to user space - suspend/resume improvements - TI (wl18xx): - support newer firmware versions - RealTek (rtw89): - preparation for RTL8852BE-VT support - Wake on WLAN support for WiFi 6 chips - 36-bit PCI DMA support - RealTek (rtlwifi): - RTL8192DU support - Broadcom (brcmfmac): - Management Frame Protection support (to enable WPA3) - Bluetooth: - qualcomm: use the power sequencer for QCA6390 - btusb: mediatek: add ISO data transmission functions - hci_bcm4377: add BCM4388 support - btintel: add support for BlazarU core - btintel: add support for Whale Peak2 - btnxpuart: add support for AW693 A1 chipset - btnxpuart: add support for IW615 chipset - btusb: add Realtek RTL8852BE support ID 0x13d3:0x3591" * tag 'net-next-6.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1589 commits) eth: fbnic: Fix spelling mistake "tiggerring" -> "triggering" tcp: Replace strncpy() with strscpy() wifi: ath12k: fix build vs old compiler tcp: Don't access uninit tcp_rsk(req)->ao_keyid in tcp_create_openreq_child(). eth: fbnic: Write the TCAM tables used for RSS control and Rx to host eth: fbnic: Add L2 address programming eth: fbnic: Add basic Rx handling eth: fbnic: Add basic Tx handling eth: fbnic: Add link detection eth: fbnic: Add initial messaging to notify FW of our presence eth: fbnic: Implement Rx queue alloc/start/stop/free eth: fbnic: Implement Tx queue alloc/start/stop/free eth: fbnic: Allocate a netdevice and napi vectors with queues eth: fbnic: Add FW communication mechanism eth: fbnic: Add message parsing for FW messages eth: fbnic: Add register init to set PCIe/Ethernet device config eth: fbnic: Allocate core device specific structures and devlink interface eth: fbnic: Add scaffolding for Meta's NIC driver PCI: Add Meta Platforms vendor ID net/sched: cls_flower: propagate tca[TCA_OPTIONS] to NL_REQ_ATTR_CHECK ...
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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause)
+
+====================
+ISO 15765-2 (ISO-TP)
+====================
+
+Overview
+========
+
+ISO 15765-2, also known as ISO-TP, is a transport protocol specifically defined
+for diagnostic communication on CAN. It is widely used in the automotive
+industry, for example as the transport protocol for UDSonCAN (ISO 14229-3) or
+emission-related diagnostic services (ISO 15031-5).
+
+ISO-TP can be used both on CAN CC (aka Classical CAN) and CAN FD (CAN with
+Flexible Datarate) based networks. It is also designed to be compatible with a
+CAN network using SAE J1939 as data link layer (however, this is not a
+requirement).
+
+Specifications used
+-------------------
+
+* ISO 15765-2:2024 : Road vehicles - Diagnostic communication over Controller
+ Area Network (DoCAN). Part 2: Transport protocol and network layer services.
+
+Addressing
+----------
+
+In its simplest form, ISO-TP is based on two kinds of addressing modes for the
+nodes connected to the same network:
+
+* physical addressing is implemented by two node-specific addresses and is used
+ in 1-to-1 communication.
+
+* functional addressing is implemented by one node-specific address and is used
+ in 1-to-N communication.
+
+Three different addressing formats can be employed:
+
+* "normal" : each address is represented simply by a CAN ID.
+
+* "extended": each address is represented by a CAN ID plus the first byte of
+ the CAN payload; both the CAN ID and the byte inside the payload shall be
+ different between two addresses.
+
+* "mixed": each address is represented by a CAN ID plus the first byte of
+ the CAN payload; the CAN ID is different between two addresses, but the
+ additional byte is the same.
+
+Transport protocol and associated frame types
+---------------------------------------------
+
+When transmitting data using the ISO-TP protocol, the payload can either fit
+inside one single CAN message or not, also considering the overhead the protocol
+is generating and the optional extended addressing. In the first case, the data
+is transmitted at once using a so-called Single Frame (SF). In the second case,
+ISO-TP defines a multi-frame protocol, in which the sender provides (through a
+First Frame - FF) the PDU length which is to be transmitted and also asks for a
+Flow Control (FC) frame, which provides the maximum supported size of a macro
+data block (``blocksize``) and the minimum time between the single CAN messages
+composing such block (``stmin``). Once this information has been received, the
+sender starts to send frames containing fragments of the data payload (called
+Consecutive Frames - CF), stopping after every ``blocksize``-sized block to wait
+confirmation from the receiver which should then send another Flow Control
+frame to inform the sender about its availability to receive more data.
+
+How to Use ISO-TP
+=================
+
+As with others CAN protocols, the ISO-TP stack support is built into the
+Linux network subsystem for the CAN bus, aka. Linux-CAN or SocketCAN, and
+thus follows the same socket API.
+
+Creation and basic usage of an ISO-TP socket
+--------------------------------------------
+
+To use the ISO-TP stack, ``#include <linux/can/isotp.h>`` shall be used. A
+socket can then be created using the ``PF_CAN`` protocol family, the
+``SOCK_DGRAM`` type (as the underlying protocol is datagram-based by design)
+and the ``CAN_ISOTP`` protocol:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ s = socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_DGRAM, CAN_ISOTP);
+
+After the socket has been successfully created, ``bind(2)`` shall be called to
+bind the socket to the desired CAN interface; to do so:
+
+* a TX CAN ID shall be specified as part of the sockaddr supplied to the call
+ itself.
+
+* a RX CAN ID shall also be specified, unless broadcast flags have been set
+ through socket option (explained below).
+
+Once bound to an interface, the socket can be read from and written to using
+the usual ``read(2)`` and ``write(2)`` system calls, as well as ``send(2)``,
+``sendmsg(2)``, ``recv(2)`` and ``recvmsg(2)``.
+Unlike the CAN_RAW socket API, only the ISO-TP data field (the actual payload)
+is sent and received by the userspace application using these calls. The address
+information and the protocol information are automatically filled by the ISO-TP
+stack using the configuration supplied during socket creation. In the same way,
+the stack will use the transport mechanism when required (i.e., when the size
+of the data payload exceeds the MTU of the underlying CAN bus).
+
+The sockaddr structure used for SocketCAN has extensions for use with ISO-TP,
+as specified below:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ struct sockaddr_can {
+ sa_family_t can_family;
+ int can_ifindex;
+ union {
+ struct { canid_t rx_id, tx_id; } tp;
+ ...
+ } can_addr;
+ }
+
+* ``can_family`` and ``can_ifindex`` serve the same purpose as for other
+ SocketCAN sockets.
+
+* ``can_addr.tp.rx_id`` specifies the receive (RX) CAN ID and will be used as
+ a RX filter.
+
+* ``can_addr.tp.tx_id`` specifies the transmit (TX) CAN ID
+
+ISO-TP socket options
+---------------------
+
+When creating an ISO-TP socket, reasonable defaults are set. Some options can
+be modified with ``setsockopt(2)`` and/or read back with ``getsockopt(2)``.
+
+General options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+General socket options can be passed using the ``CAN_ISOTP_OPTS`` optname:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ struct can_isotp_options opts;
+ ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_CAN_ISOTP, CAN_ISOTP_OPTS, &opts, sizeof(opts))
+
+where the ``can_isotp_options`` structure has the following contents:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ struct can_isotp_options {
+ u32 flags;
+ u32 frame_txtime;
+ u8 ext_address;
+ u8 txpad_content;
+ u8 rxpad_content;
+ u8 rx_ext_address;
+ };
+
+* ``flags``: modifiers to be applied to the default behaviour of the ISO-TP
+ stack. Following flags are available:
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_LISTEN_MODE``: listen only (do not send FC frames); normally
+ used as a testing feature.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_EXTEND_ADDR``: use the byte specified in ``ext_address`` as an
+ additional address component. This enables the "mixed" addressing format if
+ used alone, or the "extended" addressing format if used in conjunction with
+ ``CAN_ISOTP_RX_EXT_ADDR``.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_TX_PADDING``: enable padding for transmitted frames, using
+ ``txpad_content`` as value for the padding bytes.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_RX_PADDING``: enable padding for the received frames, using
+ ``rxpad_content`` as value for the padding bytes.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_CHK_PAD_LEN``: check for correct padding length on the received
+ frames.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_CHK_PAD_DATA``: check padding bytes on the received frames
+ against ``rxpad_content``; if ``CAN_ISOTP_RX_PADDING`` is not specified,
+ this flag is ignored.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_HALF_DUPLEX``: force ISO-TP socket in half duplex mode
+ (that is, transport mechanism can only be incoming or outgoing at the same
+ time, not both).
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_FORCE_TXSTMIN``: ignore stmin from received FC; normally
+ used as a testing feature.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_FORCE_RXSTMIN``: ignore CFs depending on rx stmin; normally
+ used as a testing feature.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_RX_EXT_ADDR``: use ``rx_ext_address`` instead of ``ext_address``
+ as extended addressing byte on the reception path. If used in conjunction
+ with ``CAN_ISOTP_EXTEND_ADDR``, this flag effectively enables the "extended"
+ addressing format.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_WAIT_TX_DONE``: wait until the frame is sent before returning
+ from ``write(2)`` and ``send(2)`` calls (i.e., blocking write operations).
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_SF_BROADCAST``: use 1-to-N functional addressing (cannot be
+ specified alongside ``CAN_ISOTP_CF_BROADCAST``).
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_CF_BROADCAST``: use 1-to-N transmission without flow control
+ (cannot be specified alongside ``CAN_ISOTP_SF_BROADCAST``).
+ NOTE: this is not covered by the ISO 15765-2 standard.
+
+ * ``CAN_ISOTP_DYN_FC_PARMS``: enable dynamic update of flow control
+ parameters.
+
+* ``frame_txtime``: frame transmission time (defined as N_As/N_Ar inside the
+ ISO standard); if ``0``, the default (or the last set value) is used.
+ To set the transmission time to ``0``, the ``CAN_ISOTP_FRAME_TXTIME_ZERO``
+ macro (equal to 0xFFFFFFFF) shall be used.
+
+* ``ext_address``: extended addressing byte, used if the
+ ``CAN_ISOTP_EXTEND_ADDR`` flag is specified.
+
+* ``txpad_content``: byte used as padding value for transmitted frames.
+
+* ``rxpad_content``: byte used as padding value for received frames.
+
+* ``rx_ext_address``: extended addressing byte for the reception path, used if
+ the ``CAN_ISOTP_RX_EXT_ADDR`` flag is specified.
+
+Flow Control options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Flow Control (FC) options can be passed using the ``CAN_ISOTP_RECV_FC`` optname
+to provide the communication parameters for receiving ISO-TP PDUs.
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ struct can_isotp_fc_options fc_opts;
+ ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_CAN_ISOTP, CAN_ISOTP_RECV_FC, &fc_opts, sizeof(fc_opts));
+
+where the ``can_isotp_fc_options`` structure has the following contents:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ struct can_isotp_options {
+ u8 bs;
+ u8 stmin;
+ u8 wftmax;
+ };
+
+* ``bs``: blocksize provided in flow control frames.
+
+* ``stmin``: minimum separation time provided in flow control frames; can
+ have the following values (others are reserved):
+
+ * 0x00 - 0x7F : 0 - 127 ms
+
+ * 0xF1 - 0xF9 : 100 us - 900 us
+
+* ``wftmax``: maximum number of wait frames provided in flow control frames.
+
+Link Layer options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Link Layer (LL) options can be passed using the ``CAN_ISOTP_LL_OPTS`` optname:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ struct can_isotp_ll_options ll_opts;
+ ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_CAN_ISOTP, CAN_ISOTP_LL_OPTS, &ll_opts, sizeof(ll_opts));
+
+where the ``can_isotp_ll_options`` structure has the following contents:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ struct can_isotp_ll_options {
+ u8 mtu;
+ u8 tx_dl;
+ u8 tx_flags;
+ };
+
+* ``mtu``: generated and accepted CAN frame type, can be equal to ``CAN_MTU``
+ for classical CAN frames or ``CANFD_MTU`` for CAN FD frames.
+
+* ``tx_dl``: maximum payload length for transmitted frames, can have one value
+ among: 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, 64. Values above 8 only apply to CAN FD
+ traffic (i.e.: ``mtu = CANFD_MTU``).
+
+* ``tx_flags``: flags set into ``struct canfd_frame.flags`` at frame creation.
+ Only applies to CAN FD traffic (i.e.: ``mtu = CANFD_MTU``).
+
+Transmission stmin
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The transmission minimum separation time (stmin) can be forced using the
+``CAN_ISOTP_TX_STMIN`` optname and providing an stmin value in microseconds as
+a 32bit unsigned integer; this will overwrite the value sent by the receiver in
+flow control frames:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ uint32_t stmin;
+ ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_CAN_ISOTP, CAN_ISOTP_TX_STMIN, &stmin, sizeof(stmin));
+
+Reception stmin
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The reception minimum separation time (stmin) can be forced using the
+``CAN_ISOTP_RX_STMIN`` optname and providing an stmin value in microseconds as
+a 32bit unsigned integer; received Consecutive Frames (CF) which timestamps
+differ less than this value will be ignored:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ uint32_t stmin;
+ ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_CAN_ISOTP, CAN_ISOTP_RX_STMIN, &stmin, sizeof(stmin));
+
+Multi-frame transport support
+-----------------------------
+
+The ISO-TP stack contained inside the Linux kernel supports the multi-frame
+transport mechanism defined by the standard, with the following constraints:
+
+* the maximum size of a PDU is defined by a module parameter, with an hard
+ limit imposed at build time.
+
+* when a transmission is in progress, subsequent calls to ``write(2)`` will
+ block, while calls to ``send(2)`` will either block or fail depending on the
+ presence of the ``MSG_DONTWAIT`` flag.
+
+* no support is present for sending "wait frames": whether a PDU can be fully
+ received or not is decided when the First Frame is received.
+
+Errors
+------
+
+Following errors are reported to userspace:
+
+RX path errors
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+============ ===============================================================
+-ETIMEDOUT timeout of data reception
+-EILSEQ sequence number mismatch during a multi-frame reception
+-EBADMSG data reception with wrong padding
+============ ===============================================================
+
+TX path errors
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+========== =================================================================
+-ECOMM flow control reception timeout
+-EMSGSIZE flow control reception overflow
+-EBADMSG flow control reception with wrong layout/padding
+========== =================================================================
+
+Examples
+========
+
+Basic node example
+------------------
+
+Following example implements a node using "normal" physical addressing, with
+RX ID equal to 0x18DAF142 and a TX ID equal to 0x18DA42F1. All options are left
+to their default.
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+ int s;
+ struct sockaddr_can addr;
+ int ret;
+
+ s = socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_DGRAM, CAN_ISOTP);
+ if (s < 0)
+ exit(1);
+
+ addr.can_family = AF_CAN;
+ addr.can_ifindex = if_nametoindex("can0");
+ addr.tp.tx_id = 0x18DA42F1 | CAN_EFF_FLAG;
+ addr.tp.rx_id = 0x18DAF142 | CAN_EFF_FLAG;
+
+ ret = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+ if (ret < 0)
+ exit(1);
+
+ /* Data can now be received using read(s, ...) and sent using write(s, ...) */
+
+Additional examples
+-------------------
+
+More complete (and complex) examples can be found inside the ``isotp*`` userland
+tools, distributed as part of the ``can-utils`` utilities at:
+https://github.com/linux-can/can-utils