/* * "splice": joining two ropes together by interweaving their strands. * * This is the "extended pipe" functionality, where a pipe is used as * an arbitrary in-memory buffer. Think of a pipe as a small kernel * buffer that you can use to transfer data from one end to the other. * * The traditional unix read/write is extended with a "splice()" operation * that transfers data buffers to or from a pipe buffer. * * Named by Larry McVoy, original implementation from Linus, extended by * Jens to support splicing to files, network, direct splicing, etc and * fixing lots of bugs. * * Copyright (C) 2005-2006 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> * Copyright (C) 2005-2006 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> * Copyright (C) 2006 Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> * */ #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/file.h> #include <linux/pagemap.h> #include <linux/splice.h> #include <linux/memcontrol.h> #include <linux/mm_inline.h> #include <linux/swap.h> #include <linux/writeback.h> #include <linux/export.h> #include <linux/syscalls.h> #include <linux/uio.h> #include <linux/security.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include <linux/socket.h> #include <linux/compat.h> #include "internal.h" /* * Attempt to steal a page from a pipe buffer. This should perhaps go into * a vm helper function, it's already simplified quite a bit by the * addition of remove_mapping(). If success is returned, the caller may * attempt to reuse this page for another destination. */ static int page_cache_pipe_buf_steal(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf) { struct page *page = buf->page; struct address_space *mapping; lock_page(page); mapping = page_mapping(page); if (mapping) { WARN_ON(!PageUptodate(page)); /* * At least for ext2 with nobh option, we need to wait on * writeback completing on this page, since we'll remove it * from the pagecache. Otherwise truncate wont wait on the * page, allowing the disk blocks to be reused by someone else * before we actually wrote our data to them. fs corruption * ensues. */ wait_on_page_writeback(page); if (page_has_private(page) && !try_to_release_page(page, GFP_KERNEL)) goto out_unlock; /* * If we succeeded in removing the mapping, set LRU flag * and return good. */ if (remove_mapping(mapping, page)) { buf->flags |= PIPE_BUF_FLAG_LRU; return 0; } } /* * Raced with truncate or failed to remove page from current * address space, unlock and return failure. */ out_unlock: unlock_page(page); return 1; } static void page_cache_pipe_buf_release(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf) { page_cache_release(buf->page); buf->flags &= ~PIPE_BUF_FLAG_LRU; } /* * Check whether the contents of buf is OK to access. Since the content * is a page cache page, IO may be in flight. */ static int page_cache_pipe_buf_confirm(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf) { struct page *page = buf->page; int err; if (!PageUptodate(page)) { lock_page(page); /* * Page got truncated/unhashed. This will cause a 0-byte * splice, if this is the first page. */ if (!page->mapping) { err = -ENODATA; goto error; } /* * Uh oh, read-error from disk. */ if (!PageUptodate(page)) { err = -EIO; goto error; } /* * Page is ok afterall, we are done. */ unlock_page(page); } return 0; error: unlock_page(page); return err; } const struct pipe_buf_operations page_cache_pipe_buf_ops = { .can_merge = 0, .confirm = page_cache_pipe_buf_confirm, .release = page_cache_pipe_buf_release, .steal = page_cache_pipe_buf_steal, .get = generic_pipe_buf_get, }; static int user_page_pipe_buf_steal(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf) { if (!(buf->flags & PIPE_BUF_FLAG_GIFT)) return 1; buf->flags |= PIPE_BUF_FLAG_LRU; return generic_pipe_buf_steal(pipe, buf); } static const struct pipe_buf_operations user_page_pipe_buf_ops = { .can_merge = 0, .confirm = generic_pipe_buf_confirm, .release = page_cache_pipe_buf_release, .steal = user_page_pipe_buf_steal, .get = generic_pipe_buf_get, }; static void wakeup_pipe_readers(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe) { smp_mb(); if (waitqueue_active(&pipe->wait)) wake_up_interruptible(&pipe->wait); kill_fasync(&pipe->fasync_readers, SIGIO, POLL_IN); } /** * splice_to_pipe - fill passed data into a pipe * @pipe: pipe to fill * @spd: data to fill * * Description: * @spd contains a map of pages and len/offset tuples, along with * the struct pipe_buf_operations associated with these pages. This * function will link that data to the pipe. * */ ssize_t splice_to_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_pipe_desc *spd) { unsigned int spd_pages = spd->nr_pages; int ret, do_wakeup, page_nr; ret = 0; do_wakeup = 0; page_nr = 0; pipe_lock(pipe); for (;;) { if (!pipe->readers) { send_sig(SIGPIPE, current, 0); if (!ret) ret = -EPIPE; break; } if (pipe->nrbufs < pipe->buffers) { int newbuf = (pipe->curbuf + pipe->nrbufs) & (pipe->buffers - 1); struct pipe_buffer *buf = pipe->bufs + newbuf; buf->page = spd->pages[page_nr]; buf->offset = spd->partial[page_nr].offset; buf->len = spd->partial[page_nr].len; buf->private = spd->partial[page_nr].private; buf->ops = spd->ops; if (spd->flags & SPLICE_F_GIFT) buf->flags |= PIPE_BUF_FLAG_GIFT; pipe->nrbufs++; page_nr++; ret += buf->len; if (pipe->files) do_wakeup = 1; if (!--spd->nr_pages) break; if (pipe->nrbufs < pipe->buffers) continue; break; } if (spd->flags & SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK) { if (!ret) ret = -EAGAIN; break; } if (signal_pending(current)) { if (!ret) ret = -ERESTARTSYS; break; } if (do_wakeup) { smp_mb(); if (waitqueue_active(&pipe->wait)) wake_up_interruptible_sync(&pipe->wait); kill_fasync(&pipe->fasync_readers, SIGIO, POLL_IN); do_wakeup = 0; } pipe->waiting_writers++; pipe_wait(pipe); pipe->waiting_writers--; } pipe_unlock(pipe); if (do_wakeup) wakeup_pipe_readers(pipe); while (page_nr < spd_pages) spd->spd_release(spd, page_nr++); return ret; } void spd_release_page(struct splice_pipe_desc *spd, unsigned int i) { page_cache_release(spd->pages[i]); } /* * Check if we need to grow the arrays holding pages and partial page * descriptions. */ int splice_grow_spd(const struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_pipe_desc *spd) { unsigned int buffers = ACCESS_ONCE(pipe->buffers); spd->nr_pages_max = buffers; if (buffers <= PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS) return 0; spd->pages = kmalloc(buffers * sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL); spd->partial = kmalloc(buffers * sizeof(struct partial_page), GFP_KERNEL); if (spd->pages && spd->partial) return 0; kfree(spd->pages); kfree(spd->partial); return -ENOMEM; } void splice_shrink_spd(struct splice_pipe_desc *spd) { if (spd->nr_pages_max <= PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS) return; kfree(spd->pages); kfree(spd->partial); } static int __generic_file_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { struct address_space *mapping = in->f_mapping; unsigned int loff, nr_pages, req_pages; struct page *pages[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS]; struct partial_page partial[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS]; struct page *page; pgoff_t index, end_index; loff_t isize; int error, page_nr; struct splice_pipe_desc spd = { .pages = pages, .partial = partial, .nr_pages_max = PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS, .flags = flags, .ops = &page_cache_pipe_buf_ops, .spd_release = spd_release_page, }; if (splice_grow_spd(pipe, &spd)) return -ENOMEM; index = *ppos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; loff = *ppos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK; req_pages = (len + loff + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; nr_pages = min(req_pages, spd.nr_pages_max); /* * Lookup the (hopefully) full range of pages we need. */ spd.nr_pages = find_get_pages_contig(mapping, index, nr_pages, spd.pages); index += spd.nr_pages; /* * If find_get_pages_contig() returned fewer pages than we needed, * readahead/allocate the rest and fill in the holes. */ if (spd.nr_pages < nr_pages) page_cache_sync_readahead(mapping, &in->f_ra, in, index, req_pages - spd.nr_pages); error = 0; while (spd.nr_pages < nr_pages) { /* * Page could be there, find_get_pages_contig() breaks on * the first hole. */ page = find_get_page(mapping, index); if (!page) { /* * page didn't exist, allocate one. */ page = page_cache_alloc_cold(mapping); if (!page) break; error = add_to_page_cache_lru(page, mapping, index, GFP_KERNEL); if (unlikely(error)) { page_cache_release(page); if (error == -EEXIST) continue; break; } /* * add_to_page_cache() locks the page, unlock it * to avoid convoluting the logic below even more. */ unlock_page(page); } spd.pages[spd.nr_pages++] = page; index++; } /* * Now loop over the map and see if we need to start IO on any * pages, fill in the partial map, etc. */ index = *ppos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; nr_pages = spd.nr_pages; spd.nr_pages = 0; for (page_nr = 0; page_nr < nr_pages; page_nr++) { unsigned int this_len; if (!len) break; /* * this_len is the max we'll use from this page */ this_len = min_t(unsigned long, len, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - loff); page = spd.pages[page_nr]; if (PageReadahead(page)) page_cache_async_readahead(mapping, &in->f_ra, in, page, index, req_pages - page_nr); /* * If the page isn't uptodate, we may need to start io on it */ if (!PageUptodate(page)) { lock_page(page); /* * Page was truncated, or invalidated by the * filesystem. Redo the find/create, but this time the * page is kept locked, so there's no chance of another * race with truncate/invalidate. */ if (!page->mapping) { unlock_page(page); page = find_or_create_page(mapping, index, mapping_gfp_mask(mapping)); if (!page) { error = -ENOMEM; break; } page_cache_release(spd.pages[page_nr]); spd.pages[page_nr] = page; } /* * page was already under io and is now done, great */ if (PageUptodate(page)) { unlock_page(page); goto fill_it; } /* * need to read in the page */ error = mapping->a_ops->readpage(in, page); if (unlikely(error)) { /* * We really should re-lookup the page here, * but it complicates things a lot. Instead * lets just do what we already stored, and * we'll get it the next time we are called. */ if (error == AOP_TRUNCATED_PAGE) error = 0; break; } } fill_it: /* * i_size must be checked after PageUptodate. */ isize = i_size_read(mapping->host); end_index = (isize - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; if (unlikely(!isize || index > end_index)) break; /* * if this is the last page, see if we need to shrink * the length and stop */ if (end_index == index) { unsigned int plen; /* * max good bytes in this page */ plen = ((isize - 1) & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK) + 1; if (plen <= loff) break; /* * force quit after adding this page */ this_len = min(this_len, plen - loff); len = this_len; } spd.partial[page_nr].offset = loff; spd.partial[page_nr].len = this_len; len -= this_len; loff = 0; spd.nr_pages++; index++; } /* * Release any pages at the end, if we quit early. 'page_nr' is how far * we got, 'nr_pages' is how many pages are in the map. */ while (page_nr < nr_pages) page_cache_release(spd.pages[page_nr++]); in->f_ra.prev_pos = (loff_t)index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; if (spd.nr_pages) error = splice_to_pipe(pipe, &spd); splice_shrink_spd(&spd); return error; } /** * generic_file_splice_read - splice data from file to a pipe * @in: file to splice from * @ppos: position in @in * @pipe: pipe to splice to * @len: number of bytes to splice * @flags: splice modifier flags * * Description: * Will read pages from given file and fill them into a pipe. Can be * used as long as the address_space operations for the source implements * a readpage() hook. * */ ssize_t generic_file_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { loff_t isize, left; int ret; isize = i_size_read(in->f_mapping->host); if (unlikely(*ppos >= isize)) return 0; left = isize - *ppos; if (unlikely(left < len)) len = left; ret = __generic_file_splice_read(in, ppos, pipe, len, flags); if (ret > 0) { *ppos += ret; file_accessed(in); } return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_file_splice_read); static const struct pipe_buf_operations default_pipe_buf_ops = { .can_merge = 0, .confirm = generic_pipe_buf_confirm, .release = generic_pipe_buf_release, .steal = generic_pipe_buf_steal, .get = generic_pipe_buf_get, }; static int generic_pipe_buf_nosteal(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf) { return 1; } /* Pipe buffer operations for a socket and similar. */ const struct pipe_buf_operations nosteal_pipe_buf_ops = { .can_merge = 0, .confirm = generic_pipe_buf_confirm, .release = generic_pipe_buf_release, .steal = generic_pipe_buf_nosteal, .get = generic_pipe_buf_get, }; EXPORT_SYMBOL(nosteal_pipe_buf_ops); static ssize_t kernel_readv(struct file *file, const struct iovec *vec, unsigned long vlen, loff_t offset) { mm_segment_t old_fs; loff_t pos = offset; ssize_t res; old_fs = get_fs(); set_fs(get_ds()); /* The cast to a user pointer is valid due to the set_fs() */ res = vfs_readv(file, (const struct iovec __user *)vec, vlen, &pos); set_fs(old_fs); return res; } ssize_t kernel_write(struct file *file, const char *buf, size_t count, loff_t pos) { mm_segment_t old_fs; ssize_t res; old_fs = get_fs(); set_fs(get_ds()); /* The cast to a user pointer is valid due to the set_fs() */ res = vfs_write(file, (__force const char __user *)buf, count, &pos); set_fs(old_fs); return res; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_write); ssize_t default_file_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { unsigned int nr_pages; unsigned int nr_freed; size_t offset; struct page *pages[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS]; struct partial_page partial[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS]; struct iovec *vec, __vec[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS]; ssize_t res; size_t this_len; int error; int i; struct splice_pipe_desc spd = { .pages = pages, .partial = partial, .nr_pages_max = PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS, .flags = flags, .ops = &default_pipe_buf_ops, .spd_release = spd_release_page, }; if (splice_grow_spd(pipe, &spd)) return -ENOMEM; res = -ENOMEM; vec = __vec; if (spd.nr_pages_max > PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS) { vec = kmalloc(spd.nr_pages_max * sizeof(struct iovec), GFP_KERNEL); if (!vec) goto shrink_ret; } offset = *ppos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK; nr_pages = (len + offset + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; for (i = 0; i < nr_pages && i < spd.nr_pages_max && len; i++) { struct page *page; page = alloc_page(GFP_USER); error = -ENOMEM; if (!page) goto err; this_len = min_t(size_t, len, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - offset); vec[i].iov_base = (void __user *) page_address(page); vec[i].iov_len = this_len; spd.pages[i] = page; spd.nr_pages++; len -= this_len; offset = 0; } res = kernel_readv(in, vec, spd.nr_pages, *ppos); if (res < 0) { error = res; goto err; } error = 0; if (!res) goto err; nr_freed = 0; for (i = 0; i < spd.nr_pages; i++) { this_len = min_t(size_t, vec[i].iov_len, res); spd.partial[i].offset = 0; spd.partial[i].len = this_len; if (!this_len) { __free_page(spd.pages[i]); spd.pages[i] = NULL; nr_freed++; } res -= this_len; } spd.nr_pages -= nr_freed; res = splice_to_pipe(pipe, &spd); if (res > 0) *ppos += res; shrink_ret: if (vec != __vec) kfree(vec); splice_shrink_spd(&spd); return res; err: for (i = 0; i < spd.nr_pages; i++) __free_page(spd.pages[i]); res = error; goto shrink_ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_file_splice_read); /* * Send 'sd->len' bytes to socket from 'sd->file' at position 'sd->pos' * using sendpage(). Return the number of bytes sent. */ static int pipe_to_sendpage(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf, struct splice_desc *sd) { struct file *file = sd->u.file; loff_t pos = sd->pos; int more; if (!likely(file->f_op->sendpage)) return -EINVAL; more = (sd->flags & SPLICE_F_MORE) ? MSG_MORE : 0; if (sd->len < sd->total_len && pipe->nrbufs > 1) more |= MSG_SENDPAGE_NOTLAST; return file->f_op->sendpage(file, buf->page, buf->offset, sd->len, &pos, more); } /* * This is a little more tricky than the file -> pipe splicing. There are * basically three cases: * * - Destination page already exists in the address space and there * are users of it. For that case we have no other option that * copying the data. Tough luck. * - Destination page already exists in the address space, but there * are no users of it. Make sure it's uptodate, then drop it. Fall * through to last case. * - Destination page does not exist, we can add the pipe page to * the page cache and avoid the copy. * * If asked to move pages to the output file (SPLICE_F_MOVE is set in * sd->flags), we attempt to migrate pages from the pipe to the output * file address space page cache. This is possible if no one else has * the pipe page referenced outside of the pipe and page cache. If * SPLICE_F_MOVE isn't set, or we cannot move the page, we simply create * a new page in the output file page cache and fill/dirty that. */ int pipe_to_file(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf, struct splice_desc *sd) { struct file *file = sd->u.file; struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping; unsigned int offset, this_len; struct page *page; void *fsdata; int ret; offset = sd->pos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK; this_len = sd->len; if (this_len + offset > PAGE_CACHE_SIZE) this_len = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - offset; ret = pagecache_write_begin(file, mapping, sd->pos, this_len, AOP_FLAG_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, &page, &fsdata); if (unlikely(ret)) goto out; if (buf->page != page) { char *src = kmap_atomic(buf->page); char *dst = kmap_atomic(page); memcpy(dst + offset, src + buf->offset, this_len); flush_dcache_page(page); kunmap_atomic(dst); kunmap_atomic(src); } ret = pagecache_write_end(file, mapping, sd->pos, this_len, this_len, page, fsdata); out: return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(pipe_to_file); static void wakeup_pipe_writers(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe) { smp_mb(); if (waitqueue_active(&pipe->wait)) wake_up_interruptible(&pipe->wait); kill_fasync(&pipe->fasync_writers, SIGIO, POLL_OUT); } /** * splice_from_pipe_feed - feed available data from a pipe to a file * @pipe: pipe to splice from * @sd: information to @actor * @actor: handler that splices the data * * Description: * This function loops over the pipe and calls @actor to do the * actual moving of a single struct pipe_buffer to the desired * destination. It returns when there's no more buffers left in * the pipe or if the requested number of bytes (@sd->total_len) * have been copied. It returns a positive number (one) if the * pipe needs to be filled with more data, zero if the required * number of bytes have been copied and -errno on error. * * This, together with splice_from_pipe_{begin,end,next}, may be * used to implement the functionality of __splice_from_pipe() when * locking is required around copying the pipe buffers to the * destination. */ int splice_from_pipe_feed(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd, splice_actor *actor) { int ret; while (pipe->nrbufs) { struct pipe_buffer *buf = pipe->bufs + pipe->curbuf; const struct pipe_buf_operations *ops = buf->ops; sd->len = buf->len; if (sd->len > sd->total_len) sd->len = sd->total_len; ret = buf->ops->confirm(pipe, buf); if (unlikely(ret)) { if (ret == -ENODATA) ret = 0; return ret; } ret = actor(pipe, buf, sd); if (ret <= 0) return ret; buf->offset += ret; buf->len -= ret; sd->num_spliced += ret; sd->len -= ret; sd->pos += ret; sd->total_len -= ret; if (!buf->len) { buf->ops = NULL; ops->release(pipe, buf); pipe->curbuf = (pipe->curbuf + 1) & (pipe->buffers - 1); pipe->nrbufs--; if (pipe->files) sd->need_wakeup = true; } if (!sd->total_len) return 0; } return 1; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(splice_from_pipe_feed); /** * splice_from_pipe_next - wait for some data to splice from * @pipe: pipe to splice from * @sd: information about the splice operation * * Description: * This function will wait for some data and return a positive * value (one) if pipe buffers are available. It will return zero * or -errno if no more data needs to be spliced. */ int splice_from_pipe_next(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd) { while (!pipe->nrbufs) { if (!pipe->writers) return 0; if (!pipe->waiting_writers && sd->num_spliced) return 0; if (sd->flags & SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK) return -EAGAIN; if (signal_pending(current)) return -ERESTARTSYS; if (sd->need_wakeup) { wakeup_pipe_writers(pipe); sd->need_wakeup = false; } pipe_wait(pipe); } return 1; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(splice_from_pipe_next); /** * splice_from_pipe_begin - start splicing from pipe * @sd: information about the splice operation * * Description: * This function should be called before a loop containing * splice_from_pipe_next() and splice_from_pipe_feed() to * initialize the necessary fields of @sd. */ void splice_from_pipe_begin(struct splice_desc *sd) { sd->num_spliced = 0; sd->need_wakeup = false; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(splice_from_pipe_begin); /** * splice_from_pipe_end - finish splicing from pipe * @pipe: pipe to splice from * @sd: information about the splice operation * * Description: * This function will wake up pipe writers if necessary. It should * be called after a loop containing splice_from_pipe_next() and * splice_from_pipe_feed(). */ void splice_from_pipe_end(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd) { if (sd->need_wakeup) wakeup_pipe_writers(pipe); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(splice_from_pipe_end); /** * __splice_from_pipe - splice data from a pipe to given actor * @pipe: pipe to splice from * @sd: information to @actor * @actor: handler that splices the data * * Description: * This function does little more than loop over the pipe and call * @actor to do the actual moving of a single struct pipe_buffer to * the desired destination. See pipe_to_file, pipe_to_sendpage, or * pipe_to_user. * */ ssize_t __splice_from_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd, splice_actor *actor) { int ret; splice_from_pipe_begin(sd); do { ret = splice_from_pipe_next(pipe, sd); if (ret > 0) ret = splice_from_pipe_feed(pipe, sd, actor); } while (ret > 0); splice_from_pipe_end(pipe, sd); return sd->num_spliced ? sd->num_spliced : ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(__splice_from_pipe); /** * splice_from_pipe - splice data from a pipe to a file * @pipe: pipe to splice from * @out: file to splice to * @ppos: position in @out * @len: how many bytes to splice * @flags: splice modifier flags * @actor: handler that splices the data * * Description: * See __splice_from_pipe. This function locks the pipe inode, * otherwise it's identical to __splice_from_pipe(). * */ ssize_t splice_from_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags, splice_actor *actor) { ssize_t ret; struct splice_desc sd = { .total_len = len, .flags = flags, .pos = *ppos, .u.file = out, }; pipe_lock(pipe); ret = __splice_from_pipe(pipe, &sd, actor); pipe_unlock(pipe); return ret; } /** * generic_file_splice_write - splice data from a pipe to a file * @pipe: pipe info * @out: file to write to * @ppos: position in @out * @len: number of bytes to splice * @flags: splice modifier flags * * Description: * Will either move or copy pages (determined by @flags options) from * the given pipe inode to the given file. * */ ssize_t generic_file_splice_write(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { struct address_space *mapping = out->f_mapping; struct inode *inode = mapping->host; struct splice_desc sd = { .total_len = len, .flags = flags, .pos = *ppos, .u.file = out, }; ssize_t ret; pipe_lock(pipe); splice_from_pipe_begin(&sd); do { ret = splice_from_pipe_next(pipe, &sd); if (ret <= 0) break; mutex_lock_nested(&inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_CHILD); ret = file_remove_suid(out); if (!ret) { ret = file_update_time(out); if (!ret) ret = splice_from_pipe_feed(pipe, &sd, pipe_to_file); } mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex); } while (ret > 0); splice_from_pipe_end(pipe, &sd); pipe_unlock(pipe); if (sd.num_spliced) ret = sd.num_spliced; if (ret > 0) { int err; err = generic_write_sync(out, *ppos, ret); if (err) ret = err; else *ppos += ret; balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping); } return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_file_splice_write); static int write_pipe_buf(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf, struct splice_desc *sd) { int ret; void *data; loff_t tmp = sd->pos; data = kmap(buf->page); ret = __kernel_write(sd->u.file, data + buf->offset, sd->len, &tmp); kunmap(buf->page); return ret; } static ssize_t default_file_splice_write(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { ssize_t ret; ret = splice_from_pipe(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags, write_pipe_buf); if (ret > 0) *ppos += ret; return ret; } /** * generic_splice_sendpage - splice data from a pipe to a socket * @pipe: pipe to splice from * @out: socket to write to * @ppos: position in @out * @len: number of bytes to splice * @flags: splice modifier flags * * Description: * Will send @len bytes from the pipe to a network socket. No data copying * is involved. * */ ssize_t generic_splice_sendpage(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { return splice_from_pipe(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags, pipe_to_sendpage); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_splice_sendpage); /* * Attempt to initiate a splice from pipe to file. */ static long do_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int); if (out->f_op->splice_write) splice_write = out->f_op->splice_write; else splice_write = default_file_splice_write; return splice_write(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags); } /* * Attempt to initiate a splice from a file to a pipe. */ static long do_splice_to(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int); int ret; if (unlikely(!(in->f_mode & FMODE_READ))) return -EBADF; ret = rw_verify_area(READ, in, ppos, len); if (unlikely(ret < 0)) return ret; if (in->f_op->splice_read) splice_read = in->f_op->splice_read; else splice_read = default_file_splice_read; return splice_read(in, ppos, pipe, len, flags); } /** * splice_direct_to_actor - splices data directly between two non-pipes * @in: file to splice from * @sd: actor information on where to splice to * @actor: handles the data splicing * * Description: * This is a special case helper to splice directly between two * points, without requiring an explicit pipe. Internally an allocated * pipe is cached in the process, and reused during the lifetime of * that process. * */ ssize_t splice_direct_to_actor(struct file *in, struct splice_desc *sd, splice_direct_actor *actor) { struct pipe_inode_info *pipe; long ret, bytes; umode_t i_mode; size_t len; int i, flags; /* * We require the input being a regular file, as we don't want to * randomly drop data for eg socket -> socket splicing. Use the * piped splicing for that! */ i_mode = file_inode(in)->i_mode; if (unlikely(!S_ISREG(i_mode) && !S_ISBLK(i_mode))) return -EINVAL; /* * neither in nor out is a pipe, setup an internal pipe attached to * 'out' and transfer the wanted data from 'in' to 'out' through that */ pipe = current->splice_pipe; if (unlikely(!pipe)) { pipe = alloc_pipe_info(); if (!pipe) return -ENOMEM; /* * We don't have an immediate reader, but we'll read the stuff * out of the pipe right after the splice_to_pipe(). So set * PIPE_READERS appropriately. */ pipe->readers = 1; current->splice_pipe = pipe; } /* * Do the splice. */ ret = 0; bytes = 0; len = sd->total_len; flags = sd->flags; /* * Don't block on output, we have to drain the direct pipe. */ sd->flags &= ~SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK; while (len) { size_t read_len; loff_t pos = sd->pos, prev_pos = pos; ret = do_splice_to(in, &pos, pipe, len, flags); if (unlikely(ret <= 0)) goto out_release; read_len = ret; sd->total_len = read_len; /* * NOTE: nonblocking mode only applies to the input. We * must not do the output in nonblocking mode as then we * could get stuck data in the internal pipe: */ ret = actor(pipe, sd); if (unlikely(ret <= 0)) { sd->pos = prev_pos; goto out_release; } bytes += ret; len -= ret; sd->pos = pos; if (ret < read_len) { sd->pos = prev_pos + ret; goto out_release; } } done: pipe->nrbufs = pipe->curbuf = 0; file_accessed(in); return bytes; out_release: /* * If we did an incomplete transfer we must release * the pipe buffers in question: */ for (i = 0; i < pipe->buffers; i++) { struct pipe_buffer *buf = pipe->bufs + i; if (buf->ops) { buf->ops->release(pipe, buf); buf->ops = NULL; } } if (!bytes) bytes = ret; goto done; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(splice_direct_to_actor); static int direct_splice_actor(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd) { struct file *file = sd->u.file; return do_splice_from(pipe, file, sd->opos, sd->total_len, sd->flags); } /** * do_splice_direct - splices data directly between two files * @in: file to splice from * @ppos: input file offset * @out: file to splice to * @opos: output file offset * @len: number of bytes to splice * @flags: splice modifier flags * * Description: * For use by do_sendfile(). splice can easily emulate sendfile, but * doing it in the application would incur an extra system call * (splice in + splice out, as compared to just sendfile()). So this helper * can splice directly through a process-private pipe. * */ long do_splice_direct(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct file *out, loff_t *opos, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { struct splice_desc sd = { .len = len, .total_len = len, .flags = flags, .pos = *ppos, .u.file = out, .opos = opos, }; long ret; if (unlikely(!(out->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))) return -EBADF; if (unlikely(out->f_flags & O_APPEND)) return -EINVAL; ret = rw_verify_area(WRITE, out, opos, len); if (unlikely(ret < 0)) return ret; ret = splice_direct_to_actor(in, &sd, direct_splice_actor); if (ret > 0) *ppos = sd.pos; return ret; } static int splice_pipe_to_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *ipipe, struct pipe_inode_info *opipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags); /* * Determine where to splice to/from. */ static long do_splice(struct file *in, loff_t __user *off_in, struct file *out, loff_t __user *off_out, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { struct pipe_inode_info *ipipe; struct pipe_inode_info *opipe; loff_t offset; long ret; ipipe = get_pipe_info(in); opipe = get_pipe_info(out); if (ipipe && opipe) { if (off_in || off_out) return -ESPIPE; if (!(in->f_mode & FMODE_READ)) return -EBADF; if (!(out->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)) return -EBADF; /* Splicing to self would be fun, but... */ if (ipipe == opipe) return -EINVAL; return splice_pipe_to_pipe(ipipe, opipe, len, flags); } if (ipipe) { if (off_in) return -ESPIPE; if (off_out) { if (!(out->f_mode & FMODE_PWRITE)) return -EINVAL; if (copy_from_user(&offset, off_out, sizeof(loff_t))) return -EFAULT; } else { offset = out->f_pos; } if (unlikely(!(out->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))) return -EBADF; if (unlikely(out->f_flags & O_APPEND)) return -EINVAL; ret = rw_verify_area(WRITE, out, &offset, len); if (unlikely(ret < 0)) return ret; file_start_write(out); ret = do_splice_from(ipipe, out, &offset, len, flags); file_end_write(out); if (!off_out) out->f_pos = offset; else if (copy_to_user(off_out, &offset, sizeof(loff_t))) ret = -EFAULT; return ret; } if (opipe) { if (off_out) return -ESPIPE; if (off_in) { if (!(in->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD)) return -EINVAL; if (copy_from_user(&offset, off_in, sizeof(loff_t))) return -EFAULT; } else { offset = in->f_pos; } ret = do_splice_to(in, &offset, opipe, len, flags); if (!off_in) in->f_pos = offset; else if (copy_to_user(off_in, &offset, sizeof(loff_t))) ret = -EFAULT; return ret; } return -EINVAL; } /* * Map an iov into an array of pages and offset/length tupples. With the * partial_page structure, we can map several non-contiguous ranges into * our ones pages[] map instead of splitting that operation into pieces. * Could easily be exported as a generic helper for other users, in which * case one would probably want to add a 'max_nr_pages' parameter as well. */ static int get_iovec_page_array(const struct iovec __user *iov, unsigned int nr_vecs, struct page **pages, struct partial_page *partial, bool aligned, unsigned int pipe_buffers) { int buffers = 0, error = 0; while (nr_vecs) { unsigned long off, npages; struct iovec entry; void __user *base; size_t len; int i; error = -EFAULT; if (copy_from_user(&entry, iov, sizeof(entry))) break; base = entry.iov_base; len = entry.iov_len; /* * Sanity check this iovec. 0 read succeeds. */ error = 0; if (unlikely(!len)) break; error = -EFAULT; if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, base, len)) break; /* * Get this base offset and number of pages, then map * in the user pages. */ off = (unsigned long) base & ~PAGE_MASK; /* * If asked for alignment, the offset must be zero and the * length a multiple of the PAGE_SIZE. */ error = -EINVAL; if (aligned && (off || len & ~PAGE_MASK)) break; npages = (off + len + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT; if (npages > pipe_buffers - buffers) npages = pipe_buffers - buffers; error = get_user_pages_fast((unsigned long)base, npages, 0, &pages[buffers]); if (unlikely(error <= 0)) break; /* * Fill this contiguous range into the partial page map. */ for (i = 0; i < error; i++) { const int plen = min_t(size_t, len, PAGE_SIZE - off); partial[buffers].offset = off; partial[buffers].len = plen; off = 0; len -= plen; buffers++; } /* * We didn't complete this iov, stop here since it probably * means we have to move some of this into a pipe to * be able to continue. */ if (len) break; /* * Don't continue if we mapped fewer pages than we asked for, * or if we mapped the max number of pages that we have * room for. */ if (error < npages || buffers == pipe_buffers) break; nr_vecs--; iov++; } if (buffers) return buffers; return error; } static int pipe_to_user(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf, struct splice_desc *sd) { int n = copy_page_to_iter(buf->page, buf->offset, sd->len, sd->u.data); return n == sd->len ? n : -EFAULT; } /* * For lack of a better implementation, implement vmsplice() to userspace * as a simple copy of the pipes pages to the user iov. */ static long vmsplice_to_user(struct file *file, const struct iovec __user *uiov, unsigned long nr_segs, unsigned int flags) { struct pipe_inode_info *pipe; struct splice_desc sd; long ret; struct iovec iovstack[UIO_FASTIOV]; struct iovec *iov = iovstack; struct iov_iter iter; ssize_t count = 0; pipe = get_pipe_info(file); if (!pipe) return -EBADF; ret = rw_copy_check_uvector(READ, uiov, nr_segs, ARRAY_SIZE(iovstack), iovstack, &iov); if (ret <= 0) return ret; iov_iter_init(&iter, iov, nr_segs, count, 0); sd.len = 0; sd.total_len = count; sd.flags = flags; sd.u.data = &iter; sd.pos = 0; pipe_lock(pipe); ret = __splice_from_pipe(pipe, &sd, pipe_to_user); pipe_unlock(pipe); if (iov != iovstack) kfree(iov); return ret; } /* * vmsplice splices a user address range into a pipe. It can be thought of * as splice-from-memory, where the regular splice is splice-from-file (or * to file). In both cases the output is a pipe, naturally. */ static long vmsplice_to_pipe(struct file *file, const struct iovec __user *iov, unsigned long nr_segs, unsigned int flags) { struct pipe_inode_info *pipe; struct page *pages[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS]; struct partial_page partial[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS]; struct splice_pipe_desc spd = { .pages = pages, .partial = partial, .nr_pages_max = PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS, .flags = flags, .ops = &user_page_pipe_buf_ops, .spd_release = spd_release_page, }; long ret; pipe = get_pipe_info(file); if (!pipe) return -EBADF; if (splice_grow_spd(pipe, &spd)) return -ENOMEM; spd.nr_pages = get_iovec_page_array(iov, nr_segs, spd.pages, spd.partial, false, spd.nr_pages_max); if (spd.nr_pages <= 0) ret = spd.nr_pages; else ret = splice_to_pipe(pipe, &spd); splice_shrink_spd(&spd); return ret; } /* * Note that vmsplice only really supports true splicing _from_ user memory * to a pipe, not the other way around. Splicing from user memory is a simple * operation that can be supported without any funky alignment restrictions * or nasty vm tricks. We simply map in the user memory and fill them into * a pipe. The reverse isn't quite as easy, though. There are two possible * solutions for that: * * - memcpy() the data internally, at which point we might as well just * do a regular read() on the buffer anyway. * - Lots of nasty vm tricks, that are neither fast nor flexible (it * has restriction limitations on both ends of the pipe). * * Currently we punt and implement it as a normal copy, see pipe_to_user(). * */ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(vmsplice, int, fd, const struct iovec __user *, iov, unsigned long, nr_segs, unsigned int, flags) { struct fd f; long error; if (unlikely(nr_segs > UIO_MAXIOV)) return -EINVAL; else if (unlikely(!nr_segs)) return 0; error = -EBADF; f = fdget(fd); if (f.file) { if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) error = vmsplice_to_pipe(f.file, iov, nr_segs, flags); else if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) error = vmsplice_to_user(f.file, iov, nr_segs, flags); fdput(f); } return error; } #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(vmsplice, int, fd, const struct compat_iovec __user *, iov32, unsigned int, nr_segs, unsigned int, flags) { unsigned i; struct iovec __user *iov; if (nr_segs > UIO_MAXIOV) return -EINVAL; iov = compat_alloc_user_space(nr_segs * sizeof(struct iovec)); for (i = 0; i < nr_segs; i++) { struct compat_iovec v; if (get_user(v.iov_base, &iov32[i].iov_base) || get_user(v.iov_len, &iov32[i].iov_len) || put_user(compat_ptr(v.iov_base), &iov[i].iov_base) || put_user(v.iov_len, &iov[i].iov_len)) return -EFAULT; } return sys_vmsplice(fd, iov, nr_segs, flags); } #endif SYSCALL_DEFINE6(splice, int, fd_in, loff_t __user *, off_in, int, fd_out, loff_t __user *, off_out, size_t, len, unsigned int, flags) { struct fd in, out; long error; if (unlikely(!len)) return 0; error = -EBADF; in = fdget(fd_in); if (in.file) { if (in.file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) { out = fdget(fd_out); if (out.file) { if (out.file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) error = do_splice(in.file, off_in, out.file, off_out, len, flags); fdput(out); } } fdput(in); } return error; } /* * Make sure there's data to read. Wait for input if we can, otherwise * return an appropriate error. */ static int ipipe_prep(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, unsigned int flags) { int ret; /* * Check ->nrbufs without the inode lock first. This function * is speculative anyways, so missing one is ok. */ if (pipe->nrbufs) return 0; ret = 0; pipe_lock(pipe); while (!pipe->nrbufs) { if (signal_pending(current)) { ret = -ERESTARTSYS; break; } if (!pipe->writers) break; if (!pipe->waiting_writers) { if (flags & SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK) { ret = -EAGAIN; break; } } pipe_wait(pipe); } pipe_unlock(pipe); return ret; } /* * Make sure there's writeable room. Wait for room if we can, otherwise * return an appropriate error. */ static int opipe_prep(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, unsigned int flags) { int ret; /* * Check ->nrbufs without the inode lock first. This function * is speculative anyways, so missing one is ok. */ if (pipe->nrbufs < pipe->buffers) return 0; ret = 0; pipe_lock(pipe); while (pipe->nrbufs >= pipe->buffers) { if (!pipe->readers) { send_sig(SIGPIPE, current, 0); ret = -EPIPE; break; } if (flags & SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK) { ret = -EAGAIN; break; } if (signal_pending(current)) { ret = -ERESTARTSYS; break; } pipe->waiting_writers++; pipe_wait(pipe); pipe->waiting_writers--; } pipe_unlock(pipe); return ret; } /* * Splice contents of ipipe to opipe. */ static int splice_pipe_to_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *ipipe, struct pipe_inode_info *opipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { struct pipe_buffer *ibuf, *obuf; int ret = 0, nbuf; bool input_wakeup = false; retry: ret = ipipe_prep(ipipe, flags); if (ret) return ret; ret = opipe_prep(opipe, flags); if (ret) return ret; /* * Potential ABBA deadlock, work around it by ordering lock * grabbing by pipe info address. Otherwise two different processes * could deadlock (one doing tee from A -> B, the other from B -> A). */ pipe_double_lock(ipipe, opipe); do { if (!opipe->readers) { send_sig(SIGPIPE, current, 0); if (!ret) ret = -EPIPE; break; } if (!ipipe->nrbufs && !ipipe->writers) break; /* * Cannot make any progress, because either the input * pipe is empty or the output pipe is full. */ if (!ipipe->nrbufs || opipe->nrbufs >= opipe->buffers) { /* Already processed some buffers, break */ if (ret) break; if (flags & SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK) { ret = -EAGAIN; break; } /* * We raced with another reader/writer and haven't * managed to process any buffers. A zero return * value means EOF, so retry instead. */ pipe_unlock(ipipe); pipe_unlock(opipe); goto retry; } ibuf = ipipe->bufs + ipipe->curbuf; nbuf = (opipe->curbuf + opipe->nrbufs) & (opipe->buffers - 1); obuf = opipe->bufs + nbuf; if (len >= ibuf->len) { /* * Simply move the whole buffer from ipipe to opipe */ *obuf = *ibuf; ibuf->ops = NULL; opipe->nrbufs++; ipipe->curbuf = (ipipe->curbuf + 1) & (ipipe->buffers - 1); ipipe->nrbufs--; input_wakeup = true; } else { /* * Get a reference to this pipe buffer, * so we can copy the contents over. */ ibuf->ops->get(ipipe, ibuf); *obuf = *ibuf; /* * Don't inherit the gift flag, we need to * prevent multiple steals of this page. */ obuf->flags &= ~PIPE_BUF_FLAG_GIFT; obuf->len = len; opipe->nrbufs++; ibuf->offset += obuf->len; ibuf->len -= obuf->len; } ret += obuf->len; len -= obuf->len; } while (len); pipe_unlock(ipipe); pipe_unlock(opipe); /* * If we put data in the output pipe, wakeup any potential readers. */ if (ret > 0) wakeup_pipe_readers(opipe); if (input_wakeup) wakeup_pipe_writers(ipipe); return ret; } /* * Link contents of ipipe to opipe. */ static int link_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *ipipe, struct pipe_inode_info *opipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { struct pipe_buffer *ibuf, *obuf; int ret = 0, i = 0, nbuf; /* * Potential ABBA deadlock, work around it by ordering lock * grabbing by pipe info address. Otherwise two different processes * could deadlock (one doing tee from A -> B, the other from B -> A). */ pipe_double_lock(ipipe, opipe); do { if (!opipe->readers) { send_sig(SIGPIPE, current, 0); if (!ret) ret = -EPIPE; break; } /* * If we have iterated all input buffers or ran out of * output room, break. */ if (i >= ipipe->nrbufs || opipe->nrbufs >= opipe->buffers) break; ibuf = ipipe->bufs + ((ipipe->curbuf + i) & (ipipe->buffers-1)); nbuf = (opipe->curbuf + opipe->nrbufs) & (opipe->buffers - 1); /* * Get a reference to this pipe buffer, * so we can copy the contents over. */ ibuf->ops->get(ipipe, ibuf); obuf = opipe->bufs + nbuf; *obuf = *ibuf; /* * Don't inherit the gift flag, we need to * prevent multiple steals of this page. */ obuf->flags &= ~PIPE_BUF_FLAG_GIFT; if (obuf->len > len) obuf->len = len; opipe->nrbufs++; ret += obuf->len; len -= obuf->len; i++; } while (len); /* * return EAGAIN if we have the potential of some data in the * future, otherwise just return 0 */ if (!ret && ipipe->waiting_writers && (flags & SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK)) ret = -EAGAIN; pipe_unlock(ipipe); pipe_unlock(opipe); /* * If we put data in the output pipe, wakeup any potential readers. */ if (ret > 0) wakeup_pipe_readers(opipe); return ret; } /* * This is a tee(1) implementation that works on pipes. It doesn't copy * any data, it simply references the 'in' pages on the 'out' pipe. * The 'flags' used are the SPLICE_F_* variants, currently the only * applicable one is SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK. */ static long do_tee(struct file *in, struct file *out, size_t len, unsigned int flags) { struct pipe_inode_info *ipipe = get_pipe_info(in); struct pipe_inode_info *opipe = get_pipe_info(out); int ret = -EINVAL; /* * Duplicate the contents of ipipe to opipe without actually * copying the data. */ if (ipipe && opipe && ipipe != opipe) { /* * Keep going, unless we encounter an error. The ipipe/opipe * ordering doesn't really matter. */ ret = ipipe_prep(ipipe, flags); if (!ret) { ret = opipe_prep(opipe, flags); if (!ret) ret = link_pipe(ipipe, opipe, len, flags); } } return ret; } SYSCALL_DEFINE4(tee, int, fdin, int, fdout, size_t, len, unsigned int, flags) { struct fd in; int error; if (unlikely(!len)) return 0; error = -EBADF; in = fdget(fdin); if (in.file) { if (in.file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) { struct fd out = fdget(fdout); if (out.file) { if (out.file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) error = do_tee(in.file, out.file, len, flags); fdput(out); } } fdput(in); } return error; }