From e267d97b83d9cecc16c54825f9f3ac7f72dc1e1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Wed, 17 Feb 2016 14:41:12 -0800 Subject: asm-generic: Consolidate mark_rodata_ro() Instead of defining mark_rodata_ro() in each architecture, consolidate it. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Acked-by: Will Deacon Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: Andy Gross Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Ard Biesheuvel Cc: Arnd Bergmann Cc: Ashok Kumar Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Brian Gerst Cc: Catalin Marinas Cc: Dan Williams Cc: David Brown Cc: David Hildenbrand Cc: Denys Vlasenko Cc: Emese Revfy Cc: H. Peter Anvin Cc: Helge Deller Cc: James E.J. Bottomley Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Luis R. Rodriguez Cc: Marc Zyngier Cc: Mark Rutland Cc: Mathias Krause Cc: Michael Ellerman Cc: Nicolas Pitre Cc: PaX Team Cc: Paul Gortmaker Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Ross Zwisler Cc: Russell King Cc: Rusty Russell Cc: Stephen Boyd Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Toshi Kani Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com Cc: linux-arch Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455748879-21872-2-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar --- include/linux/init.h | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) (limited to 'include') diff --git a/include/linux/init.h b/include/linux/init.h index b449f378f995..aedb254abc37 100644 --- a/include/linux/init.h +++ b/include/linux/init.h @@ -142,6 +142,10 @@ void prepare_namespace(void); void __init load_default_modules(void); int __init init_rootfs(void); +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA +void mark_rodata_ro(void); +#endif + extern void (*late_time_init)(void); extern bool initcall_debug; -- cgit v1.2.3-58-ga151 From c74ba8b3480da6ddaea17df2263ec09b869ac496 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kees Cook Date: Wed, 17 Feb 2016 14:41:15 -0800 Subject: arch: Introduce post-init read-only memory One of the easiest ways to protect the kernel from attack is to reduce the internal attack surface exposed when a "write" flaw is available. By making as much of the kernel read-only as possible, we reduce the attack surface. Many things are written to only during __init, and never changed again. These cannot be made "const" since the compiler will do the wrong thing (we do actually need to write to them). Instead, move these items into a memory region that will be made read-only during mark_rodata_ro() which happens after all kernel __init code has finished. This introduces __ro_after_init as a way to mark such memory, and adds some documentation about the existing __read_mostly marking. This improves the security of the Linux kernel by marking formerly read-write memory regions as read-only on a fully booted up system. Based on work by PaX Team and Brad Spengler. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Arnd Bergmann Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Brad Spengler Cc: Brian Gerst Cc: David Brown Cc: Denys Vlasenko Cc: Emese Revfy Cc: H. Peter Anvin Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mathias Krause Cc: Michael Ellerman Cc: PaX Team Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com Cc: linux-arch Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455748879-21872-5-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar --- arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h | 3 +++ include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 1 + include/linux/cache.h | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+) (limited to 'include') diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h index 3d0e17bcc8e9..df0f52bd18b4 100644 --- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h +++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h @@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ #define __read_mostly __attribute__((__section__(".data..read_mostly"))) +/* Read-only memory is marked before mark_rodata_ro() is called. */ +#define __ro_after_init __read_mostly + void parisc_cache_init(void); /* initializes cache-flushing */ void disable_sr_hashing_asm(int); /* low level support for above */ void disable_sr_hashing(void); /* turns off space register hashing */ diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h index c4bd0e2c173c..772c784ba763 100644 --- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h +++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h @@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ .rodata : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_rodata) = .; \ *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) \ + *(.data..ro_after_init) /* Read only after init */ \ *(__vermagic) /* Kernel version magic */ \ . = ALIGN(8); \ VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___tracepoints_ptrs) = .; \ diff --git a/include/linux/cache.h b/include/linux/cache.h index 17e7e82d2aa7..1be04f8c563a 100644 --- a/include/linux/cache.h +++ b/include/linux/cache.h @@ -12,10 +12,24 @@ #define SMP_CACHE_BYTES L1_CACHE_BYTES #endif +/* + * __read_mostly is used to keep rarely changing variables out of frequently + * updated cachelines. If an architecture doesn't support it, ignore the + * hint. + */ #ifndef __read_mostly #define __read_mostly #endif +/* + * __ro_after_init is used to mark things that are read-only after init (i.e. + * after mark_rodata_ro() has been called). These are effectively read-only, + * but may get written to during init, so can't live in .rodata (via "const"). + */ +#ifndef __ro_after_init +#define __ro_after_init __attribute__((__section__(".data..ro_after_init"))) +#endif + #ifndef ____cacheline_aligned #define ____cacheline_aligned __attribute__((__aligned__(SMP_CACHE_BYTES))) #endif -- cgit v1.2.3-58-ga151