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2017-09-06mm/slub.c: constify attribute_group structuresArvind Yadav
attribute_group are not supposed to change at runtime. All functions working with attribute_group provided by <linux/sysfs.h> work with const attribute_group. So mark the non-const structs as const. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501157186-3749-1-git-send-email-arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Arvind Yadav <arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-06mm/slub.c: add a naive detection of double free or corruptionAlexander Popov
Add an assertion similar to "fasttop" check in GNU C Library allocator as a part of SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED feature. An object added to a singly linked freelist should not point to itself. That helps to detect some double free errors (e.g. CVE-2017-2636) without slub_debug and KASAN. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502468246-1262-1-git-send-email-alex.popov@linux.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Paul E McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Tycho Andersen <tycho@docker.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-06mm: add SLUB free list pointer obfuscationKees Cook
This SLUB free list pointer obfuscation code is modified from Brad Spengler/PaX Team's code in the last public patch of grsecurity/PaX based on my understanding of the code. Changes or omissions from the original code are mine and don't reflect the original grsecurity/PaX code. This adds a per-cache random value to SLUB caches that is XORed with their freelist pointer address and value. This adds nearly zero overhead and frustrates the very common heap overflow exploitation method of overwriting freelist pointers. A recent example of the attack is written up here: http://cyseclabs.com/blog/cve-2016-6187-heap-off-by-one-exploit and there is a section dedicated to the technique the book "A Guide to Kernel Exploitation: Attacking the Core". This is based on patches by Daniel Micay, and refactored to minimize the use of #ifdef. With 200-count cycles of "hackbench -g 20 -l 1000" I saw the following run times: before: mean 10.11882499999999999995 variance .03320378329145728642 stdev .18221905304181911048 after: mean 10.12654000000000000014 variance .04700556623115577889 stdev .21680767106160192064 The difference gets lost in the noise, but if the above is to be taken literally, using CONFIG_FREELIST_HARDENED is 0.07% slower. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802180609.GA66807@beast Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Suggested-by: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Tycho Andersen <tycho@docker.com> Cc: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-06slub: tidy up initialization orderingAlexander Potapenko
- free_kmem_cache_nodes() frees the cache node before nulling out a reference to it - init_kmem_cache_nodes() publishes the cache node before initializing it Neither of these matter at runtime because the cache nodes cannot be looked up by any other thread. But it's neater and more consistent to reorder these. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170707083408.40410-1-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-08-18slub: fix per memcg cache leak on css offlineVladimir Davydov
To avoid a possible deadlock, sysfs_slab_remove() schedules an asynchronous work to delete sysfs entries corresponding to the kmem cache. To ensure the cache isn't freed before the work function is called, it takes a reference to the cache kobject. The reference is supposed to be released by the work function. However, the work function (sysfs_slab_remove_workfn()) does nothing in case the cache sysfs entry has already been deleted, leaking the kobject and the corresponding cache. This may happen on a per memcg cache destruction, because sysfs entries of a per memcg cache are deleted on memcg offline if the cache is empty (see __kmemcg_cache_deactivate()). The kmemleak report looks like this: unreferenced object 0xffff9f798a79f540 (size 32): comm "kworker/1:4", pid 15416, jiffies 4307432429 (age 28687.554s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 6b 6d 61 6c 6c 6f 63 2d 31 36 28 31 35 39 39 3a kmalloc-16(1599: 6e 65 77 72 6f 6f 74 29 00 23 6b c0 ff ff ff ff newroot).#k..... backtrace: kmemleak_alloc+0x4a/0xa0 __kmalloc_track_caller+0x148/0x2c0 kvasprintf+0x66/0xd0 kasprintf+0x49/0x70 memcg_create_kmem_cache+0xe6/0x160 memcg_kmem_cache_create_func+0x20/0x110 process_one_work+0x205/0x5d0 worker_thread+0x4e/0x3a0 kthread+0x109/0x140 ret_from_fork+0x2a/0x40 unreferenced object 0xffff9f79b6136840 (size 416): comm "kworker/1:4", pid 15416, jiffies 4307432429 (age 28687.573s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 40 fb 80 c2 3e 33 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00 @...>3.....@.... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: kmemleak_alloc+0x4a/0xa0 kmem_cache_alloc+0x128/0x280 create_cache+0x3b/0x1e0 memcg_create_kmem_cache+0x118/0x160 memcg_kmem_cache_create_func+0x20/0x110 process_one_work+0x205/0x5d0 worker_thread+0x4e/0x3a0 kthread+0x109/0x140 ret_from_fork+0x2a/0x40 Fix the leak by adding the missing call to kobject_put() to sysfs_slab_remove_workfn(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170812181134.25027-1-vdavydov.dev@gmail.com Fixes: 3b7b314053d02 ("slub: make sysfs file removal asynchronous") Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Reported-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Tested-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.12.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06mm: memcontrol: account slab stats per lruvecJohannes Weiner
Josef's redesign of the balancing between slab caches and the page cache requires slab cache statistics at the lruvec level. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170530181724.27197-7-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06mm: vmstat: move slab statistics from zone to node countersJohannes Weiner
Patch series "mm: per-lruvec slab stats" Josef is working on a new approach to balancing slab caches and the page cache. For this to work, he needs slab cache statistics on the lruvec level. These patches implement that by adding infrastructure that allows updating and reading generic VM stat items per lruvec, then switches some existing VM accounting sites, including the slab accounting ones, to this new cgroup-aware API. I'll follow up with more patches on this, because there is actually substantial simplification that can be done to the memory controller when we replace private memcg accounting with making the existing VM accounting sites cgroup-aware. But this is enough for Josef to base his slab reclaim work on, so here goes. This patch (of 5): To re-implement slab cache vs. page cache balancing, we'll need the slab counters at the lruvec level, which, ever since lru reclaim was moved from the zone to the node, is the intersection of the node, not the zone, and the memcg. We could retain the per-zone counters for when the page allocator dumps its memory information on failures, and have counters on both levels - which on all but NUMA node 0 is usually redundant. But let's keep it simple for now and just move them. If anybody complains we can restore the per-zone counters. [hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix oops] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170605183511.GA8915@cmpxchg.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170530181724.27197-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06mm/slub.c: wrap kmem_cache->cpu_partial in config CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIALWei Yang
kmem_cache->cpu_partial is just used when CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL is set, so wrap it with config CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL will save some space on 32bit arch. This patch wraps kmem_cache->cpu_partial in config CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL and wraps its sysfs too. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170502144533.10729-4-richard.weiyang@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06mm/slub.c: wrap cpu_slab->partial in CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIALWei Yang
cpu_slab's field partial is used when CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL is set, which means we can save a pointer's space on each cpu for every slub item. This patch wraps cpu_slab->partial in CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL and wraps its sysfs use too. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid strange 80-col tricks] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170502144533.10729-3-richard.weiyang@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06mm/slub: reset cpu_slab's pointer in deactivate_slab()Wei Yang
Each time a slab is deactivated, the page and freelist pointer should be reset. This patch just merges these two options into deactivate_slab(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170507031215.3130-2-richard.weiyang@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06mm/slub.c: remove a redundant assignment in ___slab_alloc()Wei Yang
When the code comes to this point, there are two cases: 1. cpu_slab is deactivated 2. cpu_slab is empty In both cased, cpu_slab->freelist is NULL at this moment. This patch removes the redundant assignment of cpu_slab->freelist. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170507031215.3130-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-06-23slub: make sysfs file removal asynchronousTejun Heo
Commit bf5eb3de3847 ("slub: separate out sysfs_slab_release() from sysfs_slab_remove()") made slub sysfs file removals synchronous to kmem_cache shutdown. Unfortunately, this created a possible ABBA deadlock between slab_mutex and sysfs draining mechanism triggering the following lockdep warning. ====================================================== [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] 4.10.0-test+ #48 Not tainted ------------------------------------------------------- rmmod/1211 is trying to acquire lock: (s_active#120){++++.+}, at: [<ffffffff81308073>] kernfs_remove+0x23/0x40 but task is already holding lock: (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8120f691>] kmem_cache_destroy+0x41/0x2d0 which lock already depends on the new lock. the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is: -> #1 (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}: lock_acquire+0xf6/0x1f0 __mutex_lock+0x75/0x950 mutex_lock_nested+0x1b/0x20 slab_attr_store+0x75/0xd0 sysfs_kf_write+0x45/0x60 kernfs_fop_write+0x13c/0x1c0 __vfs_write+0x28/0x120 vfs_write+0xc8/0x1e0 SyS_write+0x49/0xa0 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2 -> #0 (s_active#120){++++.+}: __lock_acquire+0x10ed/0x1260 lock_acquire+0xf6/0x1f0 __kernfs_remove+0x254/0x320 kernfs_remove+0x23/0x40 sysfs_remove_dir+0x51/0x80 kobject_del+0x18/0x50 __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x3e6/0x460 kmem_cache_destroy+0x1fb/0x2d0 kvm_exit+0x2d/0x80 [kvm] vmx_exit+0x19/0xa1b [kvm_intel] SyS_delete_module+0x198/0x1f0 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2 other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- lock(slab_mutex); lock(s_active#120); lock(slab_mutex); lock(s_active#120); *** DEADLOCK *** 2 locks held by rmmod/1211: #0: (cpu_hotplug.dep_map){++++++}, at: [<ffffffff810a7877>] get_online_cpus+0x37/0x80 #1: (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8120f691>] kmem_cache_destroy+0x41/0x2d0 stack backtrace: CPU: 3 PID: 1211 Comm: rmmod Not tainted 4.10.0-test+ #48 Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq Pro 6300 SFF/339A, BIOS K01 v02.05 05/07/2012 Call Trace: print_circular_bug+0x1be/0x210 __lock_acquire+0x10ed/0x1260 lock_acquire+0xf6/0x1f0 __kernfs_remove+0x254/0x320 kernfs_remove+0x23/0x40 sysfs_remove_dir+0x51/0x80 kobject_del+0x18/0x50 __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x3e6/0x460 kmem_cache_destroy+0x1fb/0x2d0 kvm_exit+0x2d/0x80 [kvm] vmx_exit+0x19/0xa1b [kvm_intel] SyS_delete_module+0x198/0x1f0 ? SyS_delete_module+0x5/0x1f0 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2 It'd be the cleanest to deal with the issue by removing sysfs files without holding slab_mutex before the rest of shutdown; however, given the current code structure, it is pretty difficult to do so. This patch punts sysfs file removal to a work item. Before commit bf5eb3de3847, the removal was punted to a RCU delayed work item which is executed after release. Now, we're punting to a different work item on shutdown which still maintains the goal removing the sysfs files earlier when destroying kmem_caches. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170620204512.GI21326@htj.duckdns.org Fixes: bf5eb3de3847 ("slub: separate out sysfs_slab_release() from sysfs_slab_remove()") Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Tested-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-06-02slub/memcg: cure the brainless abuse of sysfs attributesThomas Gleixner
memcg_propagate_slab_attrs() abuses the sysfs attribute file functions to propagate settings from the root kmem_cache to a newly created kmem_cache. It does that with: attr->show(root, buf); attr->store(new, buf, strlen(bug); Aside of being a lazy and absurd hackery this is broken because it does not check the return value of the show() function. Some of the show() functions return 0 w/o touching the buffer. That means in such a case the store function is called with the stale content of the previous show(). That causes nonsense like invoking kmem_cache_shrink() on a newly created kmem_cache. In the worst case it would cause handing in an uninitialized buffer. This should be rewritten proper by adding a propagate() callback to those slub_attributes which must be propagated and avoid that insane conversion to and from ASCII, but that's too large for a hot fix. Check at least the return value of the show() function, so calling store() with stale content is prevented. Steven said: "It can cause a deadlock with get_online_cpus() that has been uncovered by recent cpu hotplug and lockdep changes that Thomas and Peter have been doing. Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- lock(cpu_hotplug.lock); lock(slab_mutex); lock(cpu_hotplug.lock); lock(slab_mutex); *** DEADLOCK ***" Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1705201244540.2255@nanos Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-04-18mm: Rename SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCUPaul E. McKenney
A group of Linux kernel hackers reported chasing a bug that resulted from their assumption that SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU provided an existence guarantee, that is, that no block from such a slab would be reallocated during an RCU read-side critical section. Of course, that is not the case. Instead, SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU only prevents freeing of an entire slab of blocks. However, there is a phrase for this, namely "type safety". This commit therefore renames SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU in order to avoid future instances of this sort of confusion. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> [ paulmck: Add comments mentioning the old name, as requested by Eric Dumazet, in order to help people familiar with the old name find the new one. ] Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
2017-02-22slub: make sysfs directories for memcg sub-caches optionalTejun Heo
SLUB creates a per-cache directory under /sys/kernel/slab which hosts a bunch of debug files. Usually, there aren't that many caches on a system and this doesn't really matter; however, if memcg is in use, each cache can have per-cgroup sub-caches. SLUB creates the same directories for these sub-caches under /sys/kernel/slab/$CACHE/cgroup. Unfortunately, because there can be a lot of cgroups, active or draining, the product of the numbers of caches, cgroups and files in each directory can reach a very high number - hundreds of thousands is commonplace. Millions and beyond aren't difficult to reach either. What's under /sys/kernel/slab is primarily for debugging and the information and control on the a root cache already cover its sub-caches. While having a separate directory for each sub-cache can be helpful for development, it doesn't make much sense to pay this amount of overhead by default. This patch introduces a boot parameter slub_memcg_sysfs which determines whether to create sysfs directories for per-memcg sub-caches. It also adds CONFIG_SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON which determines the boot parameter's default value and defaults to 0. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kset_unregister(NULL) is legal] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170204145203.GB26958@mtj.duckdns.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22slab: remove slub sysfs interface files early for empty memcg cachesTejun Heo
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. Each cache has a number of sysfs interface files under /sys/kernel/slab. On a system with a lot of memory and transient memcgs, the number of interface files which have to be removed once memory reclaim kicks in can reach millions. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-10-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22slab: remove synchronous synchronize_sched() from memcg cache deactivation pathTejun Heo
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. slub uses synchronize_sched() to deactivate a memcg cache. synchronize_sched() is an expensive and slow operation and doesn't scale when a huge number of caches are destroyed back-to-back. While there used to be a simple batching mechanism, the batching was too restricted to be helpful. This patch implements slab_deactivate_memcg_cache_rcu_sched() which slub can use to schedule sched RCU callback instead of performing synchronize_sched() synchronously while holding cgroup_mutex. While this adds online cpus, mems and slab_mutex operations, operating on these locks back-to-back from the same kworker, which is what's gonna happen when there are many to deactivate, isn't expensive at all and this gets rid of the scalability problem completely. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-9-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22slab: introduce __kmemcg_cache_deactivate()Tejun Heo
__kmem_cache_shrink() is called with %true @deactivate only for memcg caches. Remove @deactivate from __kmem_cache_shrink() and introduce __kmemcg_cache_deactivate() instead. Each memcg-supporting allocator should implement it and it should deactivate and drain the cache. This is to allow memcg cache deactivation behavior to further deviate from simple shrinking without messing up __kmem_cache_shrink(). This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any observable behavior changes. v2: Dropped unnecessary ifdef in mm/slab.h as suggested by Vladimir. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-8-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22slab: implement slab_root_caches listTejun Heo
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. slab_caches currently lists all caches including root and memcg ones. This is the only data structure which lists the root caches and iterating root caches can only be done by walking the list while skipping over memcg caches. As there can be a huge number of memcg caches, this can become very expensive. This also can make /proc/slabinfo behave very badly. seq_file processes reads in 4k chunks and seeks to the previous Nth position on slab_caches list to resume after each chunk. With a lot of memcg cache churns on the list, reading /proc/slabinfo can become very slow and its content often ends up with duplicate and/or missing entries. This patch adds a new list slab_root_caches which lists only the root caches. When memcg is not enabled, it becomes just an alias of slab_caches. memcg specific list operations are collected into memcg_[un]link_cache(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-7-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@tarantool.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22slub: separate out sysfs_slab_release() from sysfs_slab_remove()Tejun Heo
Separate out slub sysfs removal and release, and call the former earlier from __kmem_cache_shutdown(). There's no reason to defer sysfs removal through RCU and this will later allow us to remove sysfs files way earlier during memory cgroup offline instead of release. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-3-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22Revert "slub: move synchronize_sched out of slab_mutex on shrink"Tejun Heo
Patch series "slab: make memcg slab destruction scalable", v3. With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. I've seen machines which end up with hundred thousands of caches and many millions of kernfs_nodes. The current code is O(N^2) on the total number of caches and has synchronous rcu_barrier() and synchronize_sched() in cgroup offline / release path which is executed while holding cgroup_mutex. Combined, this leads to very expensive and slow cache destruction operations which can easily keep running for half a day. This also messes up /proc/slabinfo along with other cache iterating operations. seq_file operates on 4k chunks and on each 4k boundary tries to seek to the last position in the list. With a huge number of caches on the list, this becomes very slow and very prone to the list content changing underneath it leading to a lot of missing and/or duplicate entries. This patchset addresses the scalability problem. * Add root and per-memcg lists. Update each user to use the appropriate list. * Make rcu_barrier() for SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU caches globally batched and asynchronous. * For dying empty slub caches, remove the sysfs files after deactivation so that we don't end up with millions of sysfs files without any useful information on them. This patchset contains the following nine patches. 0001-Revert-slub-move-synchronize_sched-out-of-slab_mutex.patch 0002-slub-separate-out-sysfs_slab_release-from-sysfs_slab.patch 0003-slab-remove-synchronous-rcu_barrier-call-in-memcg-ca.patch 0004-slab-reorganize-memcg_cache_params.patch 0005-slab-link-memcg-kmem_caches-on-their-associated-memo.patch 0006-slab-implement-slab_root_caches-list.patch 0007-slab-introduce-__kmemcg_cache_deactivate.patch 0008-slab-remove-synchronous-synchronize_sched-from-memcg.patch 0009-slab-remove-slub-sysfs-interface-files-early-for-emp.patch 0010-slab-use-memcg_kmem_cache_wq-for-slab-destruction-op.patch 0001 reverts an existing optimization to prepare for the following changes. 0002 is a prep patch. 0003 makes rcu_barrier() in release path batched and asynchronous. 0004-0006 separate out the lists. 0007-0008 replace synchronize_sched() in slub destruction path with call_rcu_sched(). 0009 removes sysfs files early for empty dying caches. 0010 makes destruction work items use a workqueue with limited concurrency. This patch (of 10): Revert 89e364db71fb5e ("slub: move synchronize_sched out of slab_mutex on shrink"). With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. Moving synchronize_sched() out of slab_mutex isn't enough as it's still inside cgroup_mutex. The whole deactivation / release path will be updated to avoid all synchronous RCU operations. Revert this insufficient optimization in preparation to ease future changes. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-2-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22mm/slub: add a dump_stack() to the unexpected GFP checkBorislav Petkov
We wish to know who is doing such a thing. slab.c does this. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170116091643.15260-1-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-08mm/slub.c: fix random_seq offset destructionSean Rees
Commit 210e7a43fa90 ("mm: SLUB freelist randomization") broke USB hub initialisation as described in https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=177551. Bail out early from init_cache_random_seq if s->random_seq is already initialised. This prevents destroying the previously computed random_seq offsets later in the function. If the offsets are destroyed, then shuffle_freelist will truncate page->freelist to just the first object (orphaning the rest). Fixes: 210e7a43fa90 ("mm: SLUB freelist randomization") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170207140707.20824-1-sean@erifax.org Signed-off-by: Sean Rees <sean@erifax.org> Reported-by: <userwithuid@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-01-24mm/slub.c: trace free objects at KERN_INFODaniel Thompson
Currently when trace is enabled (e.g. slub_debug=T,kmalloc-128 ) the trace messages are mostly output at KERN_INFO. However the trace code also calls print_section() to hexdump the head of a free object. This is hard coded to use KERN_ERR, meaning the console is deluged with trace messages even if we've asked for quiet. Fix this the obvious way but adding a level parameter to print_section(), allowing calls from the trace code to use the same trace level as other trace messages. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170113154850.518-1-daniel.thompson@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-12-12slub: avoid false-postive warningArnd Bergmann
The slub allocator gives us some incorrect warnings when CONFIG_PROFILE_ANNOTATED_BRANCHES is set, as the unlikely() macro prevents it from seeing that the return code matches what it was before: mm/slub.c: In function `kmem_cache_free_bulk': mm/slub.c:262:23: error: `df.s' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized] mm/slub.c:2943:3: error: `df.cnt' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized] mm/slub.c:2933:4470: error: `df.freelist' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized] mm/slub.c:2943:3: error: `df.tail' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized] I have not been able to come up with a perfect way for dealing with this, the three options I see are: - add a bogus initialization, which would increase the runtime overhead - replace unlikely() with unlikely_notrace() - remove the unlikely() annotation completely I checked the object code for a typical x86 configuration and the last two cases produce the same result, so I went for the last one, which is the simplest. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161024155704.3114445-1-arnd@arndb.de Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-12-12slub: move synchronize_sched out of slab_mutex on shrinkVladimir Davydov
synchronize_sched() is a heavy operation and calling it per each cache owned by a memory cgroup being destroyed may take quite some time. What is worse, it's currently called under the slab_mutex, stalling all works doing cache creation/destruction. Actually, there isn't much point in calling synchronize_sched() for each cache - it's enough to call it just once - after setting cpu_partial for all caches and before shrinking them. This way, we can also move it out of the slab_mutex, which we have to hold for iterating over the slab cache list. Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=172991 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/0a10d71ecae3db00fb4421bcd3f82bcc911f4be4.1475329751.git.vdavydov.dev@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Reported-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net> Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-09-06slub: Convert to hotplug state machineSebastian Andrzej Siewior
Install the callbacks via the state machine. Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: rt@linutronix.de Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160818125731.27256-5-bigeasy@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2016-08-10mm/slub.c: run free_partial() outside of the kmem_cache_node->list_lockChris Wilson
With debugobjects enabled and using SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, when a kmem_cache_node is destroyed the call_rcu() may trigger a slab allocation to fill the debug object pool (__debug_object_init:fill_pool). Everywhere but during kmem_cache_destroy(), discard_slab() is performed outside of the kmem_cache_node->list_lock and avoids a lockdep warning about potential recursion: ============================================= [ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ] 4.8.0-rc1-gfxbench+ #1 Tainted: G U --------------------------------------------- rmmod/8895 is trying to acquire lock: (&(&n->list_lock)->rlock){-.-...}, at: [<ffffffff811c80d7>] get_partial_node.isra.63+0x47/0x430 but task is already holding lock: (&(&n->list_lock)->rlock){-.-...}, at: [<ffffffff811cbda4>] __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x54/0x320 other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 ---- lock(&(&n->list_lock)->rlock); lock(&(&n->list_lock)->rlock); *** DEADLOCK *** May be due to missing lock nesting notation 5 locks held by rmmod/8895: #0: (&dev->mutex){......}, at: driver_detach+0x42/0xc0 #1: (&dev->mutex){......}, at: driver_detach+0x50/0xc0 #2: (cpu_hotplug.dep_map){++++++}, at: get_online_cpus+0x2d/0x80 #3: (slab_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: kmem_cache_destroy+0x3c/0x220 #4: (&(&n->list_lock)->rlock){-.-...}, at: __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x54/0x320 stack backtrace: CPU: 6 PID: 8895 Comm: rmmod Tainted: G U 4.8.0-rc1-gfxbench+ #1 Hardware name: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. H87M-D3H/H87M-D3H, BIOS F11 08/18/2015 Call Trace: __lock_acquire+0x1646/0x1ad0 lock_acquire+0xb2/0x200 _raw_spin_lock+0x36/0x50 get_partial_node.isra.63+0x47/0x430 ___slab_alloc.constprop.67+0x1a7/0x3b0 __slab_alloc.isra.64.constprop.66+0x43/0x80 kmem_cache_alloc+0x236/0x2d0 __debug_object_init+0x2de/0x400 debug_object_activate+0x109/0x1e0 __call_rcu.constprop.63+0x32/0x2f0 call_rcu+0x12/0x20 discard_slab+0x3d/0x40 __kmem_cache_shutdown+0xdb/0x320 shutdown_cache+0x19/0x60 kmem_cache_destroy+0x1ae/0x220 i915_gem_load_cleanup+0x14/0x40 [i915] i915_driver_unload+0x151/0x180 [i915] i915_pci_remove+0x14/0x20 [i915] pci_device_remove+0x34/0xb0 __device_release_driver+0x95/0x140 driver_detach+0xb6/0xc0 bus_remove_driver+0x53/0xd0 driver_unregister+0x27/0x50 pci_unregister_driver+0x25/0x70 i915_exit+0x1a/0x1e2 [i915] SyS_delete_module+0x193/0x1f0 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1c/0xac Fixes: 52b4b950b507 ("mm: slab: free kmem_cache_node after destroy sysfs file") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470759070-18743-1-git-send-email-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Reported-by: Dave Gordon <david.s.gordon@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dmitry Safonov <dsafonov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch> Cc: Dave Gordon <david.s.gordon@intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-08-08Merge tag 'usercopy-v4.8' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux Pull usercopy protection from Kees Cook: "Tbhis implements HARDENED_USERCOPY verification of copy_to_user and copy_from_user bounds checking for most architectures on SLAB and SLUB" * tag 'usercopy-v4.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux: mm: SLUB hardened usercopy support mm: SLAB hardened usercopy support s390/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy sparc/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy powerpc/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy ia64/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy arm64/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy ARM: uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy x86/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy mm: Hardened usercopy mm: Implement stack frame object validation mm: Add is_migrate_cma_page
2016-08-04slub: drop bogus inline for fixup_red_left()Geert Uytterhoeven
With m68k-linux-gnu-gcc-4.1: include/linux/slub_def.h:126: warning: `fixup_red_left' declared inline after being called include/linux/slub_def.h:126: warning: previous declaration of `fixup_red_left' was here Commit c146a2b98eb5 ("mm, kasan: account for object redzone in SLUB's nearest_obj()") made fixup_red_left() global, but forgot to remove the inline keyword. Fixes: c146a2b98eb5898e ("mm, kasan: account for object redzone in SLUB's nearest_obj()") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470256262-1586-1-git-send-email-geert@linux-m68k.org Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-08-02mm/kasan: get rid of ->state in struct kasan_alloc_metaAndrey Ryabinin
The state of object currently tracked in two places - shadow memory, and the ->state field in struct kasan_alloc_meta. We can get rid of the latter. The will save us a little bit of memory. Also, this allow us to move free stack into struct kasan_alloc_meta, without increasing memory consumption. So now we should always know when the last time the object was freed. This may be useful for long delayed use-after-free bugs. As a side effect this fixes following UBSAN warning: UBSAN: Undefined behaviour in mm/kasan/quarantine.c:102:13 member access within misaligned address ffff88000d1efebc for type 'struct qlist_node' which requires 8 byte alignment Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470062715-14077-5-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com Reported-by: kernel test robot <xiaolong.ye@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-28mm, kasan: switch SLUB to stackdepot, enable memory quarantine for SLUBAlexander Potapenko
For KASAN builds: - switch SLUB allocator to using stackdepot instead of storing the allocation/deallocation stacks in the objects; - change the freelist hook so that parts of the freelist can be put into the quarantine. [aryabinin@virtuozzo.com: fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468601423-28676-1-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468347165-41906-3-git-send-email-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt (Red Hat) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Kuthonuzo Luruo <kuthonuzo.luruo@hpe.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-28mm, kasan: account for object redzone in SLUB's nearest_obj()Alexander Potapenko
When looking up the nearest SLUB object for a given address, correctly calculate its offset if SLAB_RED_ZONE is enabled for that cache. Previously, when KASAN had detected an error on an object from a cache with SLAB_RED_ZONE set, the actual start address of the object was miscalculated, which led to random stacks having been reported. When looking up the nearest SLUB object for a given address, correctly calculate its offset if SLAB_RED_ZONE is enabled for that cache. Fixes: 7ed2f9e663854db ("mm, kasan: SLAB support") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468347165-41906-2-git-send-email-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt (Red Hat) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Kuthonuzo Luruo <kuthonuzo.luruo@hpe.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26mm: charge/uncharge kmemcg from generic page allocator pathsVladimir Davydov
Currently, to charge a non-slab allocation to kmemcg one has to use alloc_kmem_pages helper with __GFP_ACCOUNT flag. A page allocated with this helper should finally be freed using free_kmem_pages, otherwise it won't be uncharged. This API suits its current users fine, but it turns out to be impossible to use along with page reference counting, i.e. when an allocation is supposed to be freed with put_page, as it is the case with pipe or unix socket buffers. To overcome this limitation, this patch moves charging/uncharging to generic page allocator paths, i.e. to __alloc_pages_nodemask and free_pages_prepare, and zaps alloc/free_kmem_pages helpers. This way, one can use any of the available page allocation functions to get the allocated page charged to kmemcg - it's enough to pass __GFP_ACCOUNT, just like in case of kmalloc and friends. A charged page will be automatically uncharged on free. To make it possible, we need to mark pages charged to kmemcg somehow. To avoid introducing a new page flag, we make use of page->_mapcount for marking such pages. Since pages charged to kmemcg are not supposed to be mapped to userspace, it should work just fine. There are other (ab)users of page->_mapcount - buddy and balloon pages - but we don't conflict with them. In case kmemcg is compiled out or not used at runtime, this patch introduces no overhead to generic page allocator paths. If kmemcg is used, it will be plus one gfp flags check on alloc and plus one page->_mapcount check on free, which shouldn't hurt performance, because the data accessed are hot. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a9736d856f895bcb465d9f257b54efe32eda6f99.1464079538.git.vdavydov@virtuozzo.com Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26slab: do not panic on invalid gfp_maskMichal Hocko
Both SLAB and SLUB BUG() when a caller provides an invalid gfp_mask. This is a rather harsh way to announce a non-critical issue. Allocator is free to ignore invalid flags. Let's simply replace BUG() by dump_stack to tell the offender and fixup the mask to move on with the allocation request. This is an example for kmalloc(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGHMEM) from a test module: Unexpected gfp: 0x2 (__GFP_HIGHMEM). Fixing up to gfp: 0x24000c0 (GFP_KERNEL). Fix your code! CPU: 0 PID: 2916 Comm: insmod Tainted: G O 4.6.0-slabgfp2-00002-g4cdfc2ef4892-dirty #936 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Debian-1.8.2-1 04/01/2014 Call Trace: dump_stack+0x67/0x90 cache_alloc_refill+0x201/0x617 kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xa7/0x24a ? 0xffffffffa0005000 mymodule_init+0x20/0x1000 [test_slab] do_one_initcall+0xe7/0x16c ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x61/0x69 ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x197/0x24a do_init_module+0x5f/0x1d9 load_module+0x1a3d/0x1f21 ? retint_kernel+0x2d/0x2d SyS_init_module+0xe8/0x10e ? SyS_init_module+0xe8/0x10e do_syscall_64+0x68/0x13f entry_SYSCALL64_slow_path+0x25/0x25 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465548200-11384-2-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26slab: make GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK information more human readableMichal Hocko
printk offers %pGg for quite some time so let's use it to get a human readable list of invalid flags. The original output would be [ 429.191962] gfp: 2 after the change [ 429.191962] Unexpected gfp: 0x2 (__GFP_HIGHMEM) Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465548200-11384-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26mm: SLUB freelist randomizationThomas Garnier
Implements freelist randomization for the SLUB allocator. It was previous implemented for the SLAB allocator. Both use the same configuration option (CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM). The list is randomized during initialization of a new set of pages. The order on different freelist sizes is pre-computed at boot for performance. Each kmem_cache has its own randomized freelist. This security feature reduces the predictability of the kernel SLUB allocator against heap overflows rendering attacks much less stable. For example these attacks exploit the predictability of the heap: - Linux Kernel CAN SLUB overflow (https://goo.gl/oMNWkU) - Exploiting Linux Kernel Heap corruptions (http://goo.gl/EXLn95) Performance results: slab_test impact is between 3% to 4% on average for 100000 attempts without smp. It is a very focused testing, kernbench show the overall impact on the system is way lower. Before: Single thread testing ===================== 1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test 100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 49 cycles kfree -> 77 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 51 cycles kfree -> 79 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 53 cycles kfree -> 83 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 62 cycles kfree -> 90 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 81 cycles kfree -> 97 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 98 cycles kfree -> 121 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 95 cycles kfree -> 122 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 96 cycles kfree -> 126 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 140 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 149 cycles kfree -> 171 cycles 2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test 100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 69 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 73 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 72 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 71 cycles After: Single thread testing ===================== 1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test 100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 57 cycles kfree -> 78 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 61 cycles kfree -> 81 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 76 cycles kfree -> 93 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 83 cycles kfree -> 94 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 106 cycles kfree -> 107 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 118 cycles kfree -> 117 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 114 cycles kfree -> 116 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 118 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 147 cycles kfree -> 131 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 214 cycles kfree -> 161 cycles 2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test 100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 65 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 67 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 67 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 64 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 67 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 67 cycles Kernbench, before: Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation): Elapsed Time 101.873 (1.16069) User Time 1045.22 (1.60447) System Time 88.969 (0.559195) Percent CPU 1112.9 (13.8279) Context Switches 189140 (2282.15) Sleeps 99008.6 (768.091) After: Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation): Elapsed Time 102.47 (0.562732) User Time 1045.3 (1.34263) System Time 88.311 (0.342554) Percent CPU 1105.8 (6.49444) Context Switches 189081 (2355.78) Sleeps 99231.5 (800.358) Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464295031-26375-3-git-send-email-thgarnie@google.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26mm: SLUB hardened usercopy supportKees Cook
Under CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY, this adds object size checking to the SLUB allocator to catch any copies that may span objects. Includes a redzone handling fix discovered by Michael Ellerman. Based on code from PaX and grsecurity. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Reviwed-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
2016-05-20mm, kasan: don't call kasan_krealloc() from ksize().Alexander Potapenko
Instead of calling kasan_krealloc(), which replaces the memory allocation stack ID (if stack depot is used), just unpoison the whole memory chunk. Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19mm: rename _count, field of the struct page, to _refcountJoonsoo Kim
Many developers already know that field for reference count of the struct page is _count and atomic type. They would try to handle it directly and this could break the purpose of page reference count tracepoint. To prevent direct _count modification, this patch rename it to _refcount and add warning message on the code. After that, developer who need to handle reference count will find that field should not be accessed directly. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comments, per Vlastimil] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt too] [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: sync ethernet driver changes] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Sunil Goutham <sgoutham@cavium.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com> Cc: Manish Chopra <manish.chopra@qlogic.com> Cc: Yuval Mintz <yuval.mintz@qlogic.com> Cc: Tariq Toukan <tariqt@mellanox.com> Cc: Saeed Mahameed <saeedm@mellanox.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19mm/slub.c: fix sysfs filename in commentLi Peng
/sys/kernel/slab/xx/defrag_ratio should be remote_node_defrag_ratio. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463449242-5366-1-git-send-email-lip@dtdream.com Signed-off-by: Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19mm/slub.c: replace kick_all_cpus_sync() with synchronize_sched() in ↵Vladimir Davydov
kmem_cache_shrink() When we call __kmem_cache_shrink on memory cgroup removal, we need to synchronize kmem_cache->cpu_partial update with put_cpu_partial that might be running on other cpus. Currently, we achieve that by using kick_all_cpus_sync, which works as a system wide memory barrier. Though fast it is, this method has a flaw - it issues a lot of IPIs, which might hurt high performance or real-time workloads. To fix this, let's replace kick_all_cpus_sync with synchronize_sched. Although the latter one may take much longer to finish, it shouldn't be a problem in this particular case, because memory cgroups are destroyed asynchronously from a workqueue so that no user visible effects should be introduced. OTOH, it will save us from excessive IPIs when someone removes a cgroup. Anyway, even if using synchronize_sched turns out to take too long, we can always introduce a kind of __kmem_cache_shrink batching so that this method would only be called once per one cgroup destruction (not per each per memcg kmem cache as it is now). Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-25mm, kasan: add GFP flags to KASAN APIAlexander Potapenko
Add GFP flags to KASAN hooks for future patches to use. This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: unified support for SLUB and SLAB allocators" patch originally prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov. Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17mm: coalesce split stringsJoe Perches
Kernel style prefers a single string over split strings when the string is 'user-visible'. Miscellanea: - Add a missing newline - Realign arguments Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> [percpu] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17mm: thp: set THP defrag by default to madvise and add a stall-free defrag optionMel Gorman
THP defrag is enabled by default to direct reclaim/compact but not wake kswapd in the event of a THP allocation failure. The problem is that THP allocation requests potentially enter reclaim/compaction. This potentially incurs a severe stall that is not guaranteed to be offset by reduced TLB misses. While there has been considerable effort to reduce the impact of reclaim/compaction, it is still a high cost and workloads that should fit in memory fail to do so. Specifically, a simple anon/file streaming workload will enter direct reclaim on NUMA at least even though the working set size is 80% of RAM. It's been years and it's time to throw in the towel. First, this patch defines THP defrag as follows; madvise: A failed allocation will direct reclaim/compact if the application requests it never: Neither reclaim/compact nor wake kswapd defer: A failed allocation will wake kswapd/kcompactd always: A failed allocation will direct reclaim/compact (historical behaviour) khugepaged defrag will enter direct/reclaim but not wake kswapd. Next it sets the default defrag option to be "madvise" to only enter direct reclaim/compaction for applications that specifically requested it. Lastly, it removes a check from the page allocator slowpath that is related to __GFP_THISNODE to allow "defer" to work. The callers that really cares are slub/slab and they are updated accordingly. The slab one may be surprising because it also corrects a comment as kswapd was never woken up by that path. This means that a THP fault will no longer stall for most applications by default and the ideal for most users that get THP if they are immediately available. There are still options for users that prefer a stall at startup of a new application by either restoring historical behaviour with "always" or pick a half-way point with "defer" where kswapd does some of the work in the background and wakes kcompactd if necessary. THP defrag for khugepaged remains enabled and will enter direct/reclaim but no wakeup kswapd or kcompactd. After this patch a THP allocation failure will quickly fallback and rely on khugepaged to recover the situation at some time in the future. In some cases, this will reduce THP usage but the benefit of THP is hard to measure and not a universal win where as a stall to reclaim/compaction is definitely measurable and can be painful. The first test for this is using "usemem" to read a large file and write a large anonymous mapping (to avoid the zero page) multiple times. The total size of the mappings is 80% of RAM and the benchmark simply measures how long it takes to complete. It uses multiple threads to see if that is a factor. On UMA, the performance is almost identical so is not reported but on NUMA, we see this usemem 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3 Amean System-1 102.86 ( 0.00%) 46.81 ( 54.50%) Amean System-4 37.85 ( 0.00%) 34.02 ( 10.12%) Amean System-7 48.12 ( 0.00%) 46.89 ( 2.56%) Amean System-12 51.98 ( 0.00%) 56.96 ( -9.57%) Amean System-21 80.16 ( 0.00%) 79.05 ( 1.39%) Amean System-30 110.71 ( 0.00%) 107.17 ( 3.20%) Amean System-48 127.98 ( 0.00%) 124.83 ( 2.46%) Amean Elapsd-1 185.84 ( 0.00%) 105.51 ( 43.23%) Amean Elapsd-4 26.19 ( 0.00%) 25.58 ( 2.33%) Amean Elapsd-7 21.65 ( 0.00%) 21.62 ( 0.16%) Amean Elapsd-12 18.58 ( 0.00%) 17.94 ( 3.43%) Amean Elapsd-21 17.53 ( 0.00%) 16.60 ( 5.33%) Amean Elapsd-30 17.45 ( 0.00%) 17.13 ( 1.84%) Amean Elapsd-48 15.40 ( 0.00%) 15.27 ( 0.82%) For a single thread, the benchmark completes 43.23% faster with this patch applied with smaller benefits as the thread increases. Similar, notice the large reduction in most cases in system CPU usage. The overall CPU time is 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3 User 10357.65 10438.33 System 3988.88 3543.94 Elapsed 2203.01 1634.41 Which is substantial. Now, the reclaim figures 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3 Minor Faults 128458477 278352931 Major Faults 2174976 225 Swap Ins 16904701 0 Swap Outs 17359627 0 Allocation stalls 43611 0 DMA allocs 0 0 DMA32 allocs 19832646 19448017 Normal allocs 614488453 580941839 Movable allocs 0 0 Direct pages scanned 24163800 0 Kswapd pages scanned 0 0 Kswapd pages reclaimed 0 0 Direct pages reclaimed 20691346 0 Compaction stalls 42263 0 Compaction success 938 0 Compaction failures 41325 0 This patch eliminates almost all swapping and direct reclaim activity. There is still overhead but it's from NUMA balancing which does not identify that it's pointless trying to do anything with this workload. I also tried the thpscale benchmark which forces a corner case where compaction can be used heavily and measures the latency of whether base or huge pages were used thpscale Fault Latencies 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3 Amean fault-base-1 5288.84 ( 0.00%) 2817.12 ( 46.73%) Amean fault-base-3 6365.53 ( 0.00%) 3499.11 ( 45.03%) Amean fault-base-5 6526.19 ( 0.00%) 4363.06 ( 33.15%) Amean fault-base-7 7142.25 ( 0.00%) 4858.08 ( 31.98%) Amean fault-base-12 13827.64 ( 0.00%) 10292.11 ( 25.57%) Amean fault-base-18 18235.07 ( 0.00%) 13788.84 ( 24.38%) Amean fault-base-24 21597.80 ( 0.00%) 24388.03 (-12.92%) Amean fault-base-30 26754.15 ( 0.00%) 19700.55 ( 26.36%) Amean fault-base-32 26784.94 ( 0.00%) 19513.57 ( 27.15%) Amean fault-huge-1 4223.96 ( 0.00%) 2178.57 ( 48.42%) Amean fault-huge-3 2194.77 ( 0.00%) 2149.74 ( 2.05%) Amean fault-huge-5 2569.60 ( 0.00%) 2346.95 ( 8.66%) Amean fault-huge-7 3612.69 ( 0.00%) 2997.70 ( 17.02%) Amean fault-huge-12 3301.75 ( 0.00%) 6727.02 (-103.74%) Amean fault-huge-18 6696.47 ( 0.00%) 6685.72 ( 0.16%) Amean fault-huge-24 8000.72 ( 0.00%) 9311.43 (-16.38%) Amean fault-huge-30 13305.55 ( 0.00%) 9750.45 ( 26.72%) Amean fault-huge-32 9981.71 ( 0.00%) 10316.06 ( -3.35%) The average time to fault pages is substantially reduced in the majority of caseds but with the obvious caveat that fewer THPs are actually used in this adverse workload 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3 Percentage huge-1 0.71 ( 0.00%) 14.04 (1865.22%) Percentage huge-3 10.77 ( 0.00%) 33.05 (206.85%) Percentage huge-5 60.39 ( 0.00%) 38.51 (-36.23%) Percentage huge-7 45.97 ( 0.00%) 34.57 (-24.79%) Percentage huge-12 68.12 ( 0.00%) 40.07 (-41.17%) Percentage huge-18 64.93 ( 0.00%) 47.82 (-26.35%) Percentage huge-24 62.69 ( 0.00%) 44.23 (-29.44%) Percentage huge-30 43.49 ( 0.00%) 55.38 ( 27.34%) Percentage huge-32 50.72 ( 0.00%) 51.90 ( 2.35%) 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3 Minor Faults 37429143 47564000 Major Faults 1916 1558 Swap Ins 1466 1079 Swap Outs 2936863 149626 Allocation stalls 62510 3 DMA allocs 0 0 DMA32 allocs 6566458 6401314 Normal allocs 216361697 216538171 Movable allocs 0 0 Direct pages scanned 25977580 17998 Kswapd pages scanned 0 3638931 Kswapd pages reclaimed 0 207236 Direct pages reclaimed 8833714 88 Compaction stalls 103349 5 Compaction success 270 4 Compaction failures 103079 1 Note again that while this does swap as it's an aggressive workload, the direct relcim activity and allocation stalls is substantially reduced. There is some kswapd activity but ftrace showed that the kswapd activity was due to normal wakeups from 4K pages being allocated. Compaction-related stalls and activity are almost eliminated. I also tried the stutter benchmark. For this, I do not have figures for NUMA but it's something that does impact UMA so I'll report what is available stutter 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1 nodefrag-v1r3 Min mmap 7.3571 ( 0.00%) 7.3438 ( 0.18%) 1st-qrtle mmap 7.5278 ( 0.00%) 17.9200 (-138.05%) 2nd-qrtle mmap 7.6818 ( 0.00%) 21.6055 (-181.25%) 3rd-qrtle mmap 11.0889 ( 0.00%) 21.8881 (-97.39%) Max-90% mmap 27.8978 ( 0.00%) 22.1632 ( 20.56%) Max-93% mmap 28.3202 ( 0.00%) 22.3044 ( 21.24%) Max-95% mmap 28.5600 ( 0.00%) 22.4580 ( 21.37%) Max-99% mmap 29.6032 ( 0.00%) 25.5216 ( 13.79%) Max mmap 4109.7289 ( 0.00%) 4813.9832 (-17.14%) Mean mmap 12.4474 ( 0.00%) 19.3027 (-55.07%) This benchmark is trying to fault an anonymous mapping while there is a heavy IO load -- a scenario that desktop users used to complain about frequently. This shows a mix because the ideal case of mapping with THP is not hit as often. However, note that 99% of the mappings complete 13.79% faster. The CPU usage here is particularly interesting 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3 User 67.50 0.99 System 1327.88 91.30 Elapsed 2079.00 2128.98 And once again we look at the reclaim figures 4.4.0 4.4.0 kcompactd-v1r1nodefrag-v1r3 Minor Faults 335241922 1314582827 Major Faults 715 819 Swap Ins 0 0 Swap Outs 0 0 Allocation stalls 532723 0 DMA allocs 0 0 DMA32 allocs 1822364341 1177950222 Normal allocs 1815640808 1517844854 Movable allocs 0 0 Direct pages scanned 21892772 0 Kswapd pages scanned 20015890 41879484 Kswapd pages reclaimed 19961986 41822072 Direct pages reclaimed 21892741 0 Compaction stalls 1065755 0 Compaction success 514 0 Compaction failures 1065241 0 Allocation stalls and all direct reclaim activity is eliminated as well as compaction-related stalls. THP gives impressive gains in some cases but only if they are quickly available. We're not going to reach the point where they are completely free so lets take the costs out of the fast paths finally and defer the cost to kswapd, kcompactd and khugepaged where it belongs. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17mm/slub: query dynamic DEBUG_PAGEALLOC settingJoonsoo Kim
We can disable debug_pagealloc processing even if the code is compiled with CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC. This patch changes the code to query whether it is enabled or not in runtime. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up code, per Christian] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17mm: memcontrol: report slab usage in cgroup2 memory.statVladimir Davydov
Show how much memory is used for storing reclaimable and unreclaimable in-kernel data structures allocated from slab caches. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15mm, sl[au]b: print gfp_flags as strings in slab_out_of_memory()Vlastimil Babka
We can now print gfp_flags more human-readable. Make use of this in slab_out_of_memory() for SLUB and SLAB. Also convert the SLAB variant it to pr_warn() along the way. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15mm/slub: support left redzoneJoonsoo Kim
SLUB already has a redzone debugging feature. But it is only positioned at the end of object (aka right redzone) so it cannot catch left oob. Although current object's right redzone acts as left redzone of next object, first object in a slab cannot take advantage of this effect. This patch explicitly adds a left red zone to each object to detect left oob more precisely. Background: Someone complained to me that left OOB doesn't catch even if KASAN is enabled which does page allocation debugging. That page is out of our control so it would be allocated when left OOB happens and, in this case, we can't find OOB. Moreover, SLUB debugging feature can be enabled without page allocator debugging and, in this case, we will miss that OOB. Before trying to implement, I expected that changes would be too complex, but, it doesn't look that complex to me now. Almost changes are applied to debug specific functions so I feel okay. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15slub: relax CMPXCHG consistency restrictionsLaura Abbott
When debug options are enabled, cmpxchg on the page is disabled. This is because the page must be locked to ensure there are no false positives when performing consistency checks. Some debug options such as poisoning and red zoning only act on the object itself. There is no need to protect other CPUs from modification on only the object. Allow cmpxchg to happen with poisoning and red zoning are set on a slab. Credit to Mathias Krause for the original work which inspired this series Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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