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Recently, we found that cross-die access to pagetable pages on ARM64
machines can cause performance fluctuations in our business. Currently,
there are no PMU events available to track this situation on our ARM64
machines, so accurate pagetable accounting can help to analyze this issue,
but now the PUD level pagetable accounting is missed.
So introduce pagetable_pud_ctor/dtor() to help to get accurate PUD
pagetable accounting, as well as converting the architectures which use
generic PUD pagetable allocation to add corresponding PUD pagetable
accounting. Moreover this patch will mark the PUD level pagetable with
PG_table flag, which will help to do sanity validation in
unpoison_memory().
On my testing machine, I can see more pagetables statistics after the patch
with page-types tool:
Before patch:
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000004000000 27326 106 __________________________g_________________ pgtable
After patch:
0x0000000004000000 27541 107 __________________________g_________________ pgtable
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/876c71c03a7e69c17722a690e3225a4f7b172fb2.1695017383.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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As part of the conversions to replace pgtable constructor/destructors with
ptdesc equivalents, convert various page table functions to use ptdescs.
Some of the functions use the *get*page*() helper functions. Convert
these to use pagetable_alloc() and ptdesc_address() instead to help
standardize page tables further.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230807230513.102486-17-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Update instances of alloc_pages(..., 0), __get_free_pages(..., 0) and
__free_pages(..., 0) to use alloc_page(), __get_free_page() and
__free_page() respectively in core code.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/50c48ca4789f1da2a65795f2346f5ae3eff7d665.1678710232.git.lstoakes@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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In the following commits, riscv will almost use the generic versions of
pud_alloc_one and pud_free but an additional check is required since those
functions are only relevant when using at least a 4-level page table, which
will be determined at runtime on riscv.
So move the content of those functions into other functions that riscv
can use without duplicating code.
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexandre.ghiti@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
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The #ifdef statement that guards the generic version of pud_alloc_one() by
mistake used __HAVE_ARCH_PUD_FREE instead of __HAVE_ARCH_PUD_ALLOC_ONE.
Fix it.
Fixes: d9e8b929670b ("asm-generic: pgalloc: provide generic pud_alloc_one() and pud_free_one()")
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200812191415.GE163101@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Most architectures define pgd_free() as a wrapper for free_page().
Provide a generic version in asm-generic/pgalloc.h and enable its use for
most architectures.
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k]
Cc: Abdul Haleem <abdhalee@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Satheesh Rajendran <sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200627143453.31835-7-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Several architectures define pud_alloc_one() as a wrapper for
__get_free_page() and pud_free() as a wrapper for free_page().
Provide a generic implementation in asm-generic/pgalloc.h and use it where
appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Abdul Haleem <abdhalee@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Satheesh Rajendran <sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200627143453.31835-6-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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For most architectures that support >2 levels of page tables,
pmd_alloc_one() is a wrapper for __get_free_pages(), sometimes with
__GFP_ZERO and sometimes followed by memset(0) instead.
More elaborate versions on arm64 and x86 account memory for the user page
tables and call to pgtable_pmd_page_ctor() as the part of PMD page
initialization.
Move the arm64 version to include/asm-generic/pgalloc.h and use the
generic version on several architectures.
The pgtable_pmd_page_ctor() is a NOP when ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK is
not enabled, so there is no functional change for most architectures
except of the addition of __GFP_ACCOUNT for allocation of user page
tables.
The pmd_free() is a wrapper for free_page() in all the cases, so no
functional change here.
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Abdul Haleem <abdhalee@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Satheesh Rajendran <sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200627143453.31835-5-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The naming of pgtable_page_{ctor,dtor}() seems to have confused a few
people, and until recently arm64 used these erroneously/pointlessly for
other levels of page table.
To make it incredibly clear that these only apply to the PTE level, and to
align with the naming of pgtable_pmd_page_{ctor,dtor}(), let's rename them
to pgtable_pte_page_{ctor,dtor}().
These changes were generated with the following shell script:
----
git grep -lw 'pgtable_page_.tor' | while read FILE; do
sed -i '{s/pgtable_page_ctor/pgtable_pte_page_ctor/}' $FILE;
sed -i '{s/pgtable_page_dtor/pgtable_pte_page_dtor/}' $FILE;
done
----
... with the documentation re-flowed to remain under 80 columns, and
whitespace fixed up in macros to keep backslashes aligned.
There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190722141133.3116-1-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k]
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "mm: remove quicklist page table caches".
A while ago Nicholas proposed to remove quicklist page table caches [1].
I've rebased his patch on the curren upstream and switched ia64 and sh to
use generic versions of PTE allocation.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20190711030339.20892-1-npiggin@gmail.com
This patch (of 3):
Remove page table allocator "quicklists". These have been around for a
long time, but have not got much traction in the last decade and are only
used on ia64 and sh architectures.
The numbers in the initial commit look interesting but probably don't
apply anymore. If anybody wants to resurrect this it's in the git
history, but it's unhelpful to have this code and divergent allocator
behaviour for minor archs.
Also it might be better to instead make more general improvements to page
allocator if this is still so slow.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1565250728-21721-2-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Most architectures have identical or very similar implementation of
pte_alloc_one_kernel(), pte_alloc_one(), pte_free_kernel() and
pte_free().
Add a generic implementation that can be reused across architectures and
enable its use on x86.
The generic implementation uses
GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO
for the kernel page tables and
GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_ACCOUNT
for the user page tables.
The "base" functions for PTE allocation, namely __pte_alloc_one_kernel()
and __pte_alloc_one() are intended for the architectures that require
additional actions after actual memory allocation or must use non-default
GFP flags.
x86 is switched to use generic pte_alloc_one_kernel(), pte_free_kernel() and
pte_free().
x86 still implements pte_alloc_one() to allow run-time control of GFP
flags required for "userpte" command line option.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557296232-15361-2-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Cc: Guo Ren <ren_guo@c-sky.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Sam Creasey <sammy@sammy.net>
Cc: Vincent Chen <deanbo422@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Memory management in generic is highly architecture specific,
but on NOMMU architectures, it is mostly trivial, so just
add a default implementation in asm-generic that applies
to all NOMMU architectures.
The two files cache.h and cacheflush.h can possibly also
be used by architectures that have an MMU but never require
flushing the cache or have cache lines larger than 32 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Remis Lima Baima <remis.developer@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
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