bpf: add helper bpf_perf_event_read_value for perf event array map

Hardware pmu counters are limited resources. When there are more
pmu based perf events opened than available counters, kernel will
multiplex these events so each event gets certain percentage
(but not 100%) of the pmu time. In case that multiplexing happens,
the number of samples or counter value will not reflect the
case compared to no multiplexing. This makes comparison between
different runs difficult.

Typically, the number of samples or counter value should be
normalized before comparing to other experiments. The typical
normalization is done like:
  normalized_num_samples = num_samples * time_enabled / time_running
  normalized_counter_value = counter_value * time_enabled / time_running
where time_enabled is the time enabled for event and time_running is
the time running for event since last normalization.

This patch adds helper bpf_perf_event_read_value for kprobed based perf
event array map, to read perf counter and enabled/running time.
The enabled/running time is accumulated since the perf event open.
To achieve scaling factor between two bpf invocations, users
can can use cpu_id as the key (which is typical for perf array usage model)
to remember the previous value and do the calculation inside the
bpf program.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

2 files changed, 44 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 52b022310f6a..590125e29161 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -1552,7 +1552,8 @@ static int check_map_func_compatibility(struct bpf_map *map, int func_id)
 		break;
 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY:
 		if (func_id != BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read &&
-		    func_id != BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output)
+		    func_id != BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output &&
+		    func_id != BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read_value)
 			goto error;
 		break;
 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE:
@@ -1595,6 +1596,7 @@ static int check_map_func_compatibility(struct bpf_map *map, int func_id)
 		break;
 	case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read:
 	case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output:
+	case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read_value:
 		if (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY)
 			goto error;
 		break;
diff --git a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
index 95888ae6c263..0be86cc0130e 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
@@ -255,14 +255,14 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto *bpf_get_trace_printk_proto(void)
 	return &bpf_trace_printk_proto;
 }
 
-BPF_CALL_2(bpf_perf_event_read, struct bpf_map *, map, u64, flags)
+static __always_inline int
+get_map_perf_counter(struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags,
+		     u64 *value, u64 *enabled, u64 *running)
 {
 	struct bpf_array *array = container_of(map, struct bpf_array, map);
 	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 	u64 index = flags & BPF_F_INDEX_MASK;
 	struct bpf_event_entry *ee;
-	u64 value = 0;
-	int err;
 
 	if (unlikely(flags & ~(BPF_F_INDEX_MASK)))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -275,7 +275,15 @@ BPF_CALL_2(bpf_perf_event_read, struct bpf_map *, map, u64, flags)
 	if (!ee)
 		return -ENOENT;
 
-	err = perf_event_read_local(ee->event, &value, NULL, NULL);
+	return perf_event_read_local(ee->event, value, enabled, running);
+}
+
+BPF_CALL_2(bpf_perf_event_read, struct bpf_map *, map, u64, flags)
+{
+	u64 value = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	err = get_map_perf_counter(map, flags, &value, NULL, NULL);
 	/*
 	 * this api is ugly since we miss [-22..-2] range of valid
 	 * counter values, but that's uapi
@@ -293,6 +301,33 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_perf_event_read_proto = {
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
 };
 
+BPF_CALL_4(bpf_perf_event_read_value, struct bpf_map *, map, u64, flags,
+	   struct bpf_perf_event_value *, buf, u32, size)
+{
+	int err = -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(size != sizeof(struct bpf_perf_event_value)))
+		goto clear;
+	err = get_map_perf_counter(map, flags, &buf->counter, &buf->enabled,
+				   &buf->running);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		goto clear;
+	return 0;
+clear:
+	memset(buf, 0, size);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_perf_event_read_value_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_perf_event_read_value,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg4_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE,
+};
+
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_sample_data, bpf_sd);
 
 static __always_inline u64
@@ -499,6 +534,8 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto *kprobe_prog_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func
 		return &bpf_perf_event_output_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_stackid:
 		return &bpf_get_stackid_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read_value:
+		return &bpf_perf_event_read_value_proto;
 	default:
 		return tracing_func_proto(func_id);
 	}