Merge branch 'for-4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup

Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
 "Cgroup2 cpu controller support is finally merged.

   - Basic cpu statistics support to allow monitoring by default without
     the CPU controller enabled.

   - cgroup2 cpu controller support.

   - /sys/kernel/cgroup files to help dealing with new / optional
     features"

* 'for-4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
  cgroup: export list of cgroups v2 features using sysfs
  cgroup: export list of delegatable control files using sysfs
  cgroup: mark @cgrp __maybe_unused in cpu_stat_show()
  MAINTAINERS: relocate cpuset.c
  cgroup, sched: Move basic cpu stats from cgroup.stat to cpu.stat
  sched: Implement interface for cgroup unified hierarchy
  sched: Misc preps for cgroup unified hierarchy interface
  sched/cputime: Add dummy cputime_adjust() implementation for CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_NATIVE
  cgroup: statically initialize init_css_set->dfl_cgrp
  cgroup: Implement cgroup2 basic CPU usage accounting
  cpuacct: Introduce cgroup_account_cputime[_field]()
  sched/cputime: Expose cputime_adjust()

4 files changed, 499 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
index ae448f7632cc..2be89a003185 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-obj-y := cgroup.o namespace.o cgroup-v1.o
+obj-y := cgroup.o stat.o namespace.o cgroup-v1.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER) += freezer.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS) += pids.o
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
index bf54ade001be..b928b27050c6 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
@@ -201,6 +201,15 @@ int cgroup_show_path(struct seq_file *sf, struct kernfs_node *kf_node,
 int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp);
 
 /*
+ * stat.c
+ */
+void cgroup_stat_flush(struct cgroup *cgrp);
+int cgroup_stat_init(struct cgroup *cgrp);
+void cgroup_stat_exit(struct cgroup *cgrp);
+void cgroup_stat_show_cputime(struct seq_file *seq);
+void cgroup_stat_boot(void);
+
+/*
  * namespace.c
  */
 extern const struct proc_ns_operations cgroupns_operations;
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
index 00f5b358aeac..0b1ffe147f24 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
@@ -142,12 +142,14 @@ static struct static_key_true *cgroup_subsys_on_dfl_key[] = {
 };
 #undef SUBSYS
 
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cgroup_cpu_stat, cgrp_dfl_root_cpu_stat);
+
 /*
  * The default hierarchy, reserved for the subsystems that are otherwise
  * unattached - it never has more than a single cgroup, and all tasks are
  * part of that cgroup.
  */
-struct cgroup_root cgrp_dfl_root;
+struct cgroup_root cgrp_dfl_root = { .cgrp.cpu_stat = &cgrp_dfl_root_cpu_stat };
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgrp_dfl_root);
 
 /*
@@ -462,6 +464,28 @@ static struct cgroup_subsys_state *cgroup_css(struct cgroup *cgrp,
 }
 
 /**
+ * cgroup_tryget_css - try to get a cgroup's css for the specified subsystem
+ * @cgrp: the cgroup of interest
+ * @ss: the subsystem of interest
+ *
+ * Find and get @cgrp's css assocaited with @ss.  If the css doesn't exist
+ * or is offline, %NULL is returned.
+ */
+static struct cgroup_subsys_state *cgroup_tryget_css(struct cgroup *cgrp,
+						     struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
+{
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	css = cgroup_css(cgrp, ss);
+	if (!css || !css_tryget_online(css))
+		css = NULL;
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return css;
+}
+
+/**
  * cgroup_e_css - obtain a cgroup's effective css for the specified subsystem
  * @cgrp: the cgroup of interest
  * @ss: the subsystem of interest (%NULL returns @cgrp->self)
@@ -647,6 +671,14 @@ struct css_set init_css_set = {
 	.cgrp_links		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.cgrp_links),
 	.mg_preload_node	= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.mg_preload_node),
 	.mg_node		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.mg_node),
+
+	/*
+	 * The following field is re-initialized when this cset gets linked
+	 * in cgroup_init().  However, let's initialize the field
+	 * statically too so that the default cgroup can be accessed safely
+	 * early during boot.
+	 */
+	.dfl_cgrp		= &cgrp_dfl_root.cgrp,
 };
 
 static int css_set_count	= 1;	/* 1 for init_css_set */
@@ -3315,6 +3347,37 @@ static int cgroup_stat_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int __maybe_unused cgroup_extra_stat_show(struct seq_file *seq,
+						 struct cgroup *cgrp, int ssid)
+{
+	struct cgroup_subsys *ss = cgroup_subsys[ssid];
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!ss->css_extra_stat_show)
+		return 0;
+
+	css = cgroup_tryget_css(cgrp, ss);
+	if (!css)
+		return 0;
+
+	ret = ss->css_extra_stat_show(seq, css);
+	css_put(css);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int cpu_stat_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+	struct cgroup __maybe_unused *cgrp = seq_css(seq)->cgroup;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	cgroup_stat_show_cputime(seq);
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
+	ret = cgroup_extra_stat_show(seq, cgrp, cpu_cgrp_id);
+#endif
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int cgroup_file_open(struct kernfs_open_file *of)
 {
 	struct cftype *cft = of->kn->priv;
@@ -4422,6 +4485,11 @@ static struct cftype cgroup_base_files[] = {
 		.name = "cgroup.stat",
 		.seq_show = cgroup_stat_show,
 	},
+	{
+		.name = "cpu.stat",
+		.flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
+		.seq_show = cpu_stat_show,
+	},
 	{ }	/* terminate */
 };
 
@@ -4482,6 +4550,8 @@ static void css_free_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 			 */
 			cgroup_put(cgroup_parent(cgrp));
 			kernfs_put(cgrp->kn);
+			if (cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
+				cgroup_stat_exit(cgrp);
 			kfree(cgrp);
 		} else {
 			/*
@@ -4526,6 +4596,9 @@ static void css_release_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 		/* cgroup release path */
 		trace_cgroup_release(cgrp);
 
+		if (cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
+			cgroup_stat_flush(cgrp);
+
 		for (tcgrp = cgroup_parent(cgrp); tcgrp;
 		     tcgrp = cgroup_parent(tcgrp))
 			tcgrp->nr_dying_descendants--;
@@ -4709,6 +4782,12 @@ static struct cgroup *cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent)
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_free_cgrp;
 
+	if (cgroup_on_dfl(parent)) {
+		ret = cgroup_stat_init(cgrp);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_cancel_ref;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Temporarily set the pointer to NULL, so idr_find() won't return
 	 * a half-baked cgroup.
@@ -4716,7 +4795,7 @@ static struct cgroup *cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent)
 	cgrp->id = cgroup_idr_alloc(&root->cgroup_idr, NULL, 2, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (cgrp->id < 0) {
 		ret = -ENOMEM;
-		goto out_cancel_ref;
+		goto out_stat_exit;
 	}
 
 	init_cgroup_housekeeping(cgrp);
@@ -4767,6 +4846,9 @@ static struct cgroup *cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent)
 
 out_idr_free:
 	cgroup_idr_remove(&root->cgroup_idr, cgrp->id);
+out_stat_exit:
+	if (cgroup_on_dfl(parent))
+		cgroup_stat_exit(cgrp);
 out_cancel_ref:
 	percpu_ref_exit(&cgrp->self.refcnt);
 out_free_cgrp:
@@ -5161,6 +5243,8 @@ int __init cgroup_init(void)
 	BUG_ON(cgroup_init_cftypes(NULL, cgroup_base_files));
 	BUG_ON(cgroup_init_cftypes(NULL, cgroup1_base_files));
 
+	cgroup_stat_boot();
+
 	/*
 	 * The latency of the synchronize_sched() is too high for cgroups,
 	 * avoid it at the cost of forcing all readers into the slow path.
@@ -5780,3 +5864,72 @@ int cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 	return ret;
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+static ssize_t show_delegatable_files(struct cftype *files, char *buf,
+				      ssize_t size, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct cftype *cft;
+	ssize_t ret = 0;
+
+	for (cft = files; cft && cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++) {
+		if (!(cft->flags & CFTYPE_NS_DELEGATABLE))
+			continue;
+
+		if (prefix)
+			ret += snprintf(buf + ret, size - ret, "%s.", prefix);
+
+		ret += snprintf(buf + ret, size - ret, "%s\n", cft->name);
+
+		if (unlikely(ret >= size)) {
+			WARN_ON(1);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t delegate_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+			      char *buf)
+{
+	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
+	int ssid;
+	ssize_t ret = 0;
+
+	ret = show_delegatable_files(cgroup_base_files, buf, PAGE_SIZE - ret,
+				     NULL);
+
+	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid)
+		ret += show_delegatable_files(ss->dfl_cftypes, buf + ret,
+					      PAGE_SIZE - ret,
+					      cgroup_subsys_name[ssid]);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute cgroup_delegate_attr = __ATTR_RO(delegate);
+
+static ssize_t features_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+			     char *buf)
+{
+	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "nsdelegate\n");
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute cgroup_features_attr = __ATTR_RO(features);
+
+static struct attribute *cgroup_sysfs_attrs[] = {
+	&cgroup_delegate_attr.attr,
+	&cgroup_features_attr.attr,
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static const struct attribute_group cgroup_sysfs_attr_group = {
+	.attrs = cgroup_sysfs_attrs,
+	.name = "cgroup",
+};
+
+static int __init cgroup_sysfs_init(void)
+{
+	return sysfs_create_group(kernel_kobj, &cgroup_sysfs_attr_group);
+}
+subsys_initcall(cgroup_sysfs_init);
+#endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS */
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/stat.c b/kernel/cgroup/stat.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..133b465691d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/stat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+#include "cgroup-internal.h"
+
+#include <linux/sched/cputime.h>
+
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(cgroup_stat_mutex);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(raw_spinlock_t, cgroup_cpu_stat_lock);
+
+static struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cgroup_cpu_stat(struct cgroup *cgrp, int cpu)
+{
+	return per_cpu_ptr(cgrp->cpu_stat, cpu);
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_cpu_stat_updated - keep track of updated cpu_stat
+ * @cgrp: target cgroup
+ * @cpu: cpu on which cpu_stat was updated
+ *
+ * @cgrp's cpu_stat on @cpu was updated.  Put it on the parent's matching
+ * cpu_stat->updated_children list.  See the comment on top of
+ * cgroup_cpu_stat definition for details.
+ */
+static void cgroup_cpu_stat_updated(struct cgroup *cgrp, int cpu)
+{
+	raw_spinlock_t *cpu_lock = per_cpu_ptr(&cgroup_cpu_stat_lock, cpu);
+	struct cgroup *parent;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * Speculative already-on-list test.  This may race leading to
+	 * temporary inaccuracies, which is fine.
+	 *
+	 * Because @parent's updated_children is terminated with @parent
+	 * instead of NULL, we can tell whether @cgrp is on the list by
+	 * testing the next pointer for NULL.
+	 */
+	if (cgroup_cpu_stat(cgrp, cpu)->updated_next)
+		return;
+
+	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(cpu_lock, flags);
+
+	/* put @cgrp and all ancestors on the corresponding updated lists */
+	for (parent = cgroup_parent(cgrp); parent;
+	     cgrp = parent, parent = cgroup_parent(cgrp)) {
+		struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat = cgroup_cpu_stat(cgrp, cpu);
+		struct cgroup_cpu_stat *pcstat = cgroup_cpu_stat(parent, cpu);
+
+		/*
+		 * Both additions and removals are bottom-up.  If a cgroup
+		 * is already in the tree, all ancestors are.
+		 */
+		if (cstat->updated_next)
+			break;
+
+		cstat->updated_next = pcstat->updated_children;
+		pcstat->updated_children = cgrp;
+	}
+
+	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(cpu_lock, flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_cpu_stat_pop_updated - iterate and dismantle cpu_stat updated tree
+ * @pos: current position
+ * @root: root of the tree to traversal
+ * @cpu: target cpu
+ *
+ * Walks the udpated cpu_stat tree on @cpu from @root.  %NULL @pos starts
+ * the traversal and %NULL return indicates the end.  During traversal,
+ * each returned cgroup is unlinked from the tree.  Must be called with the
+ * matching cgroup_cpu_stat_lock held.
+ *
+ * The only ordering guarantee is that, for a parent and a child pair
+ * covered by a given traversal, if a child is visited, its parent is
+ * guaranteed to be visited afterwards.
+ */
+static struct cgroup *cgroup_cpu_stat_pop_updated(struct cgroup *pos,
+						  struct cgroup *root, int cpu)
+{
+	struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat;
+	struct cgroup *parent;
+
+	if (pos == root)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * We're gonna walk down to the first leaf and visit/remove it.  We
+	 * can pick whatever unvisited node as the starting point.
+	 */
+	if (!pos)
+		pos = root;
+	else
+		pos = cgroup_parent(pos);
+
+	/* walk down to the first leaf */
+	while (true) {
+		cstat = cgroup_cpu_stat(pos, cpu);
+		if (cstat->updated_children == pos)
+			break;
+		pos = cstat->updated_children;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Unlink @pos from the tree.  As the updated_children list is
+	 * singly linked, we have to walk it to find the removal point.
+	 * However, due to the way we traverse, @pos will be the first
+	 * child in most cases. The only exception is @root.
+	 */
+	parent = cgroup_parent(pos);
+	if (parent && cstat->updated_next) {
+		struct cgroup_cpu_stat *pcstat = cgroup_cpu_stat(parent, cpu);
+		struct cgroup_cpu_stat *ncstat;
+		struct cgroup **nextp;
+
+		nextp = &pcstat->updated_children;
+		while (true) {
+			ncstat = cgroup_cpu_stat(*nextp, cpu);
+			if (*nextp == pos)
+				break;
+
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(*nextp == parent);
+			nextp = &ncstat->updated_next;
+		}
+
+		*nextp = cstat->updated_next;
+		cstat->updated_next = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return pos;
+}
+
+static void cgroup_stat_accumulate(struct cgroup_stat *dst_stat,
+				   struct cgroup_stat *src_stat)
+{
+	dst_stat->cputime.utime += src_stat->cputime.utime;
+	dst_stat->cputime.stime += src_stat->cputime.stime;
+	dst_stat->cputime.sum_exec_runtime += src_stat->cputime.sum_exec_runtime;
+}
+
+static void cgroup_cpu_stat_flush_one(struct cgroup *cgrp, int cpu)
+{
+	struct cgroup *parent = cgroup_parent(cgrp);
+	struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat = cgroup_cpu_stat(cgrp, cpu);
+	struct task_cputime *last_cputime = &cstat->last_cputime;
+	struct task_cputime cputime;
+	struct cgroup_stat delta;
+	unsigned seq;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_stat_mutex);
+
+	/* fetch the current per-cpu values */
+	do {
+		seq = __u64_stats_fetch_begin(&cstat->sync);
+		cputime = cstat->cputime;
+	} while (__u64_stats_fetch_retry(&cstat->sync, seq));
+
+	/* accumulate the deltas to propgate */
+	delta.cputime.utime = cputime.utime - last_cputime->utime;
+	delta.cputime.stime = cputime.stime - last_cputime->stime;
+	delta.cputime.sum_exec_runtime = cputime.sum_exec_runtime -
+					 last_cputime->sum_exec_runtime;
+	*last_cputime = cputime;
+
+	/* transfer the pending stat into delta */
+	cgroup_stat_accumulate(&delta, &cgrp->pending_stat);
+	memset(&cgrp->pending_stat, 0, sizeof(cgrp->pending_stat));
+
+	/* propagate delta into the global stat and the parent's pending */
+	cgroup_stat_accumulate(&cgrp->stat, &delta);
+	if (parent)
+		cgroup_stat_accumulate(&parent->pending_stat, &delta);
+}
+
+/* see cgroup_stat_flush() */
+static void cgroup_stat_flush_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_stat_mutex);
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		raw_spinlock_t *cpu_lock = per_cpu_ptr(&cgroup_cpu_stat_lock, cpu);
+		struct cgroup *pos = NULL;
+
+		raw_spin_lock_irq(cpu_lock);
+		while ((pos = cgroup_cpu_stat_pop_updated(pos, cgrp, cpu)))
+			cgroup_cpu_stat_flush_one(pos, cpu);
+		raw_spin_unlock_irq(cpu_lock);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_stat_flush - flush stats in @cgrp's subtree
+ * @cgrp: target cgroup
+ *
+ * Collect all per-cpu stats in @cgrp's subtree into the global counters
+ * and propagate them upwards.  After this function returns, all cgroups in
+ * the subtree have up-to-date ->stat.
+ *
+ * This also gets all cgroups in the subtree including @cgrp off the
+ * ->updated_children lists.
+ */
+void cgroup_stat_flush(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_stat_mutex);
+	cgroup_stat_flush_locked(cgrp);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_stat_mutex);
+}
+
+static struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cgroup_cpu_stat_account_begin(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat;
+
+	cstat = get_cpu_ptr(cgrp->cpu_stat);
+	u64_stats_update_begin(&cstat->sync);
+	return cstat;
+}
+
+static void cgroup_cpu_stat_account_end(struct cgroup *cgrp,
+					struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat)
+{
+	u64_stats_update_end(&cstat->sync);
+	cgroup_cpu_stat_updated(cgrp, smp_processor_id());
+	put_cpu_ptr(cstat);
+}
+
+void __cgroup_account_cputime(struct cgroup *cgrp, u64 delta_exec)
+{
+	struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat;
+
+	cstat = cgroup_cpu_stat_account_begin(cgrp);
+	cstat->cputime.sum_exec_runtime += delta_exec;
+	cgroup_cpu_stat_account_end(cgrp, cstat);
+}
+
+void __cgroup_account_cputime_field(struct cgroup *cgrp,
+				    enum cpu_usage_stat index, u64 delta_exec)
+{
+	struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat;
+
+	cstat = cgroup_cpu_stat_account_begin(cgrp);
+
+	switch (index) {
+	case CPUTIME_USER:
+	case CPUTIME_NICE:
+		cstat->cputime.utime += delta_exec;
+		break;
+	case CPUTIME_SYSTEM:
+	case CPUTIME_IRQ:
+	case CPUTIME_SOFTIRQ:
+		cstat->cputime.stime += delta_exec;
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	cgroup_cpu_stat_account_end(cgrp, cstat);
+}
+
+void cgroup_stat_show_cputime(struct seq_file *seq)
+{
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = seq_css(seq)->cgroup;
+	u64 usage, utime, stime;
+
+	if (!cgroup_parent(cgrp))
+		return;
+
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_stat_mutex);
+
+	cgroup_stat_flush_locked(cgrp);
+
+	usage = cgrp->stat.cputime.sum_exec_runtime;
+	cputime_adjust(&cgrp->stat.cputime, &cgrp->stat.prev_cputime,
+		       &utime, &stime);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_stat_mutex);
+
+	do_div(usage, NSEC_PER_USEC);
+	do_div(utime, NSEC_PER_USEC);
+	do_div(stime, NSEC_PER_USEC);
+
+	seq_printf(seq, "usage_usec %llu\n"
+		   "user_usec %llu\n"
+		   "system_usec %llu\n",
+		   usage, utime, stime);
+}
+
+int cgroup_stat_init(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	/* the root cgrp has cpu_stat preallocated */
+	if (!cgrp->cpu_stat) {
+		cgrp->cpu_stat = alloc_percpu(struct cgroup_cpu_stat);
+		if (!cgrp->cpu_stat)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	/* ->updated_children list is self terminated */
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		cgroup_cpu_stat(cgrp, cpu)->updated_children = cgrp;
+
+	prev_cputime_init(&cgrp->stat.prev_cputime);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void cgroup_stat_exit(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	cgroup_stat_flush(cgrp);
+
+	/* sanity check */
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		struct cgroup_cpu_stat *cstat = cgroup_cpu_stat(cgrp, cpu);
+
+		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cstat->updated_children != cgrp) ||
+		    WARN_ON_ONCE(cstat->updated_next))
+			return;
+	}
+
+	free_percpu(cgrp->cpu_stat);
+	cgrp->cpu_stat = NULL;
+}
+
+void __init cgroup_stat_boot(void)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		raw_spin_lock_init(per_cpu_ptr(&cgroup_cpu_stat_lock, cpu));
+
+	BUG_ON(cgroup_stat_init(&cgrp_dfl_root.cgrp));
+}