License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

22 files changed, 22 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/auth.h b/include/linux/ceph/auth.h
index a6747789fe5c..e931da8424a4 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/auth.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/auth.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_AUTH_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_AUTH_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/buffer.h b/include/linux/ceph/buffer.h
index 07ca15e76100..5e58bb29b1a3 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/buffer.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/buffer.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __FS_CEPH_BUFFER_H
 #define __FS_CEPH_BUFFER_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_debug.h b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_debug.h
index 51c5bd64bd00..d5a5da838caf 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_debug.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_DEBUG_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_DEBUG_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h
index 040dd105c3e7..59042d5ac520 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __CEPH_FEATURES
 #define __CEPH_FEATURES
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_frag.h b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_frag.h
index 146507df8650..97bab0adc58a 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_frag.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_frag.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef FS_CEPH_FRAG_H
 #define FS_CEPH_FRAG_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_fs.h b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_fs.h
index b422170b791a..88dd51381aaf 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_fs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * ceph_fs.h - Ceph constants and data types to share between kernel and
  * user space.
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_hash.h b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_hash.h
index d099c3f90236..fda474c7a5d6 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_hash.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_hash.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef FS_CEPH_HASH_H
 #define FS_CEPH_HASH_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/cls_lock_client.h b/include/linux/ceph/cls_lock_client.h
index 0594d3bba774..bea6c77d2093 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/cls_lock_client.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/cls_lock_client.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_CEPH_CLS_LOCK_CLIENT_H
 #define _LINUX_CEPH_CLS_LOCK_CLIENT_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/debugfs.h b/include/linux/ceph/debugfs.h
index 29cf897cc5cd..fa5f9b7f5dbb 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/debugfs.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/debugfs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_DEBUGFS_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_DEBUGFS_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/decode.h b/include/linux/ceph/decode.h
index 14af9b70d301..d143ac8879c6 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/decode.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/decode.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __CEPH_DECODE_H
 #define __CEPH_DECODE_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/libceph.h b/include/linux/ceph/libceph.h
index 4c846aabd9f6..c2ec44cf5098 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/libceph.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/libceph.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_LIBCEPH_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_LIBCEPH_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/mdsmap.h b/include/linux/ceph/mdsmap.h
index d5f783f3226a..0067d767c9ae 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/mdsmap.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/mdsmap.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_MDSMAP_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_MDSMAP_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/messenger.h b/include/linux/ceph/messenger.h
index fbd94d9fa5dd..ead9d85f1c11 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/messenger.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/messenger.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __FS_CEPH_MESSENGER_H
 #define __FS_CEPH_MESSENGER_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/mon_client.h b/include/linux/ceph/mon_client.h
index 0fa990bf867a..3a4688af7455 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/mon_client.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/mon_client.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_MON_CLIENT_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_MON_CLIENT_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/msgpool.h b/include/linux/ceph/msgpool.h
index ddd0d48d0384..76c98a512758 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/msgpool.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/msgpool.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_MSGPOOL
 #define _FS_CEPH_MSGPOOL
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/msgr.h b/include/linux/ceph/msgr.h
index 0fe2656ac415..73ae2a926548 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/msgr.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/msgr.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef CEPH_MSGR_H
 #define CEPH_MSGR_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/osd_client.h b/include/linux/ceph/osd_client.h
index adf670ecaf94..52fb37d1c2a5 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/osd_client.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/osd_client.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_OSD_CLIENT_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_OSD_CLIENT_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/osdmap.h b/include/linux/ceph/osdmap.h
index af3444a5bfdd..d41fad99c0fa 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/osdmap.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/osdmap.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_OSDMAP_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_OSDMAP_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/pagelist.h b/include/linux/ceph/pagelist.h
index 75a7db21457d..7edcded07641 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/pagelist.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/pagelist.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __FS_CEPH_PAGELIST_H
 #define __FS_CEPH_PAGELIST_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/rados.h b/include/linux/ceph/rados.h
index 01408841c9c4..f1988387c5ad 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/rados.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/rados.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef CEPH_RADOS_H
 #define CEPH_RADOS_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/string_table.h b/include/linux/ceph/string_table.h
index 1b02c96daf75..a4a9962d1e14 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/string_table.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/string_table.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_STRING_TABLE_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_STRING_TABLE_H
 
diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/types.h b/include/linux/ceph/types.h
index d3ff1cf2d27e..27cd973d3881 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/types.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/types.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _FS_CEPH_TYPES_H
 #define _FS_CEPH_TYPES_H