License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

35 files changed, 35 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/Makefile b/drivers/s390/cio/Makefile
index bdf47526038a..a070ef0efe65 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the S/390 common i/o drivers
 #
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/airq.c b/drivers/s390/cio/airq.c
index 99b5db469097..a45011e4529e 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/airq.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/airq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Support for adapter interruptions
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/blacklist.c b/drivers/s390/cio/blacklist.c
index bf7f5d4c50e1..2a3f874a21d5 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/blacklist.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/blacklist.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *   S/390 common I/O routines -- blacklisting of specific devices
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/ccwreq.c b/drivers/s390/cio/ccwreq.c
index 2782100b2c07..603268a33ea1 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/ccwreq.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/ccwreq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Handling of internal CCW device requests.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/chp.h b/drivers/s390/cio/chp.h
index 0d8437b7ea72..7e80323cd261 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/chp.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/chp.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2007, 2010
  *    Author(s): Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/chsc.h b/drivers/s390/cio/chsc.h
index 321a3f765810..dda5953534b7 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/chsc.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/chsc.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef S390_CHSC_H
 #define S390_CHSC_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/chsc_sch.h b/drivers/s390/cio/chsc_sch.h
index 589ebfad6aad..ff5328b0bc8a 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/chsc_sch.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/chsc_sch.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CHSC_SCH_H
 #define _CHSC_SCH_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/cio.h b/drivers/s390/cio/cio.h
index 939596d81b73..94cd813bdcfe 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/cio.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/cio.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef S390_CIO_H
 #define S390_CIO_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/cio_debug.h b/drivers/s390/cio/cio_debug.h
index e64e8278c42e..fa817efcec8f 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/cio_debug.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/cio_debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef CIO_DEBUG_H
 #define CIO_DEBUG_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/crw.c b/drivers/s390/cio/crw.c
index 3d3cd402b376..fc285ca41141 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/crw.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/crw.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *   Channel report handling code
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/css.h b/drivers/s390/cio/css.h
index c9f3fb39ebeb..30357cbf350a 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/css.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/css.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CSS_H
 #define _CSS_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/device.h b/drivers/s390/cio/device.h
index 69cb70f080a5..b37c22adcc7a 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/device.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/device.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef S390_DEVICE_H
 #define S390_DEVICE_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/device_id.c b/drivers/s390/cio/device_id.c
index d4fa30541a33..f6df83a9dfbb 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/device_id.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/device_id.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  CCW device SENSE ID I/O handling.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/device_pgid.c b/drivers/s390/cio/device_pgid.c
index da246b67edfe..d30a3babf176 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/device_pgid.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/device_pgid.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  CCW device PGID and path verification I/O handling.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/device_status.c b/drivers/s390/cio/device_status.c
index 9bc3512374c9..7d5c7892b2c4 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/device_status.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/device_status.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2002
  *    Author(s): Cornelia Huck (cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com)
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/eadm_sch.h b/drivers/s390/cio/eadm_sch.h
index 9664e4653f98..390ab5a6b72f 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/eadm_sch.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/eadm_sch.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef EADM_SCH_H
 #define EADM_SCH_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/fcx.c b/drivers/s390/cio/fcx.c
index ca5e9bb9d458..99c900cc3e5b 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/fcx.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/fcx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Functions for assembling fcx enabled I/O control blocks.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/idset.c b/drivers/s390/cio/idset.c
index b3e06a7b9480..835de44dbbcc 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/idset.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/idset.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2007, 2012
  *    Author(s): Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/idset.h b/drivers/s390/cio/idset.h
index 89a787790888..a3ece8d8091a 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/idset.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/idset.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2007, 2012
  *    Author(s): Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/io_sch.h b/drivers/s390/cio/io_sch.h
index 9a1b56b2df3e..af571d8d6925 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/io_sch.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/io_sch.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef S390_IO_SCH_H
 #define S390_IO_SCH_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.c b/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.c
index 4182f60124da..4fa9ee1d09fa 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Channel subsystem I/O instructions.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.h b/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.h
index b31ee6bff1e4..35ad4ddd61e0 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/ioasm.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef S390_CIO_IOASM_H
 #define S390_CIO_IOASM_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/itcw.c b/drivers/s390/cio/itcw.c
index 358ee16d10a2..deaf59f93326 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/itcw.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/itcw.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Functions for incremental construction of fcx enabled I/O control blocks.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/orb.h b/drivers/s390/cio/orb.h
index 7a640530e7f5..a2d3778b2c95 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/orb.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/orb.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Orb related data structures.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio.h b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio.h
index 7e70f9298cc1..29d6b5222f1c 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2009
  * Author(s): Utz Bacher <utz.bacher@de.ibm.com>
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.c b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.c
index b6fc147f83d8..68a82f3e2e92 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright IBM Corp. 2008, 2009
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.h b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.h
index 1d595d17bf11..e06496ab0036 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  Copyright IBM Corp. 2008
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_thinint.c b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_thinint.c
index c61164f4528e..a739bdf9630e 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_thinint.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/qdio_thinint.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2009
  * Author(s): Utz Bacher <utz.bacher@de.ibm.com>
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/trace.c b/drivers/s390/cio/trace.c
index 8e706669ac8b..e331cd97e83b 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/trace.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/trace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Tracepoint definitions for s390_cio
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/trace.h b/drivers/s390/cio/trace.h
index 5b807a09f21b..1f8d1c1e566d 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/trace.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/trace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Tracepoint header for the s390 Common I/O layer (CIO)
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
index 5ccfdc80d0ec..f20b4d66c75f 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * channel program interfaces
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
index 7a1996b3b36d..a4b74fb1aa57 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * channel program interfaces
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
index 80a0559cd7ce..c30420c517b1 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Finite state machine for vfio-ccw device handling
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
index a66a317f3e4f..41eeb57d68a3 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Physical device callbacks for vfio_ccw
  *
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
index fc0f01c16ef9..78a66d96756b 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Private stuff for vfio_ccw driver
  *