bpf: Introduce BPF nospec instruction for mitigating Spectre v4

In case of JITs, each of the JIT backends compiles the BPF nospec instruction
/either/ to a machine instruction which emits a speculation barrier /or/ to
/no/ machine instruction in case the underlying architecture is not affected
by Speculative Store Bypass or has different mitigations in place already.

This covers both x86 and (implicitly) arm64: In case of x86, we use 'lfence'
instruction for mitigation. In case of arm64, we rely on the firmware mitigation
as controlled via the ssbd kernel parameter. Whenever the mitigation is enabled,
it works for all of the kernel code with no need to provide any additional
instructions here (hence only comment in arm64 JIT). Other archs can follow
as needed. The BPF nospec instruction is specifically targeting Spectre v4
since i) we don't use a serialization barrier for the Spectre v1 case, and
ii) mitigation instructions for v1 and v4 might be different on some archs.

The BPF nospec is required for a future commit, where the BPF verifier does
annotate intermediate BPF programs with speculation barriers.

Co-developed-by: Piotr Krysiuk <piotras@gmail.com>
Co-developed-by: Benedict Schlueter <benedict.schlueter@rub.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Piotr Krysiuk <piotras@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Benedict Schlueter <benedict.schlueter@rub.de>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

11 files changed, 60 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/arm/net/bpf_jit_32.c b/arch/arm/net/bpf_jit_32.c
index 897634d0a67c..a951276f0547 100644
--- a/arch/arm/net/bpf_jit_32.c
+++ b/arch/arm/net/bpf_jit_32.c
@@ -1602,6 +1602,9 @@ exit:
 		rn = arm_bpf_get_reg32(src_lo, tmp2[1], ctx);
 		emit_ldx_r(dst, rn, off, ctx, BPF_SIZE(code));
 		break;
+	/* speculation barrier */
+	case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+		break;
 	/* ST: *(size *)(dst + off) = imm */
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_W:
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
diff --git a/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
index dccf98a37283..41c23f474ea6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
@@ -823,6 +823,19 @@ emit_cond_jmp:
 			return ret;
 		break;
 
+	/* speculation barrier */
+	case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+		/*
+		 * Nothing required here.
+		 *
+		 * In case of arm64, we rely on the firmware mitigation of
+		 * Speculative Store Bypass as controlled via the ssbd kernel
+		 * parameter. Whenever the mitigation is enabled, it works
+		 * for all of the kernel code with no need to provide any
+		 * additional instructions.
+		 */
+		break;
+
 	/* ST: *(size *)(dst + off) = imm */
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_W:
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
diff --git a/arch/mips/net/ebpf_jit.c b/arch/mips/net/ebpf_jit.c
index 939dd06764bc..3a73e9375712 100644
--- a/arch/mips/net/ebpf_jit.c
+++ b/arch/mips/net/ebpf_jit.c
@@ -1355,6 +1355,9 @@ jeq_common:
 		}
 		break;
 
+	case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC: /* speculation barrier */
+		break;
+
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_B | BPF_MEM:
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_H | BPF_MEM:
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_W | BPF_MEM:
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
index 34bb1583fc0c..beb12cbc8c29 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
@@ -738,6 +738,12 @@ int bpf_jit_build_body(struct bpf_prog *fp, u32 *image, struct codegen_context *
 			break;
 
 		/*
+		 * BPF_ST NOSPEC (speculation barrier)
+		 */
+		case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+			break;
+
+		/*
 		 * BPF_ST(X)
 		 */
 		case BPF_STX | BPF_MEM | BPF_B: /* *(u8 *)(dst + off) = src */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
index de8595880fee..b87a63dba9c8 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
@@ -628,6 +628,12 @@ emit_clear:
 			break;
 
 		/*
+		 * BPF_ST NOSPEC (speculation barrier)
+		 */
+		case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+			break;
+
+		/*
 		 * BPF_ST(X)
 		 */
 		case BPF_STX | BPF_MEM | BPF_B: /* *(u8 *)(dst + off) = src */
diff --git a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
index 81de865f4c7c..e6497424cbf6 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
@@ -1251,6 +1251,10 @@ int bpf_jit_emit_insn(const struct bpf_insn *insn, struct rv_jit_context *ctx,
 			return -1;
 		break;
 
+	/* speculation barrier */
+	case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+		break;
+
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_B:
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_W:
diff --git a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
index 87e3bf5b9086..3af4131c22c7 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
@@ -939,6 +939,10 @@ out_be:
 		emit_ld(rd, 0, RV_REG_T1, ctx);
 		break;
 
+	/* speculation barrier */
+	case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+		break;
+
 	/* ST: *(size *)(dst + off) = imm */
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_B:
 		emit_imm(RV_REG_T1, imm, ctx);
diff --git a/arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
index 2ae419f5115a..88419263a89a 100644
--- a/arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
+++ b/arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
@@ -1154,6 +1154,11 @@ static noinline int bpf_jit_insn(struct bpf_jit *jit, struct bpf_prog *fp,
 		}
 		break;
 	/*
+	 * BPF_NOSPEC (speculation barrier)
+	 */
+	case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+		break;
+	/*
 	 * BPF_ST(X)
 	 */
 	case BPF_STX | BPF_MEM | BPF_B: /* *(u8 *)(dst + off) = src_reg */
diff --git a/arch/sparc/net/bpf_jit_comp_64.c b/arch/sparc/net/bpf_jit_comp_64.c
index 4b8d3c65d266..9a2f20cbd48b 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/net/bpf_jit_comp_64.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/net/bpf_jit_comp_64.c
@@ -1287,6 +1287,9 @@ static int build_insn(const struct bpf_insn *insn, struct jit_ctx *ctx)
 			return 1;
 		break;
 	}
+	/* speculation barrier */
+	case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+		break;
 	/* ST: *(size *)(dst + off) = imm */
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_W:
 	case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
diff --git a/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
index 4b951458c9fc..16d76f814e9b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
+++ b/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
@@ -1219,6 +1219,13 @@ static int do_jit(struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog, int *addrs, u8 *image,
 			}
 			break;
 
+			/* speculation barrier */
+		case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+			if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XMM2))
+				/* Emit 'lfence' */
+				EMIT3(0x0F, 0xAE, 0xE8);
+			break;
+
 			/* ST: *(u8*)(dst_reg + off) = imm */
 		case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_B:
 			if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
diff --git a/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c b/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
index 3da88ded6ee3..3bfda5f502cb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c
@@ -1886,6 +1886,12 @@ static int do_jit(struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog, int *addrs, u8 *image,
 			i++;
 			break;
 		}
+		/* speculation barrier */
+		case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
+			if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XMM2))
+				/* Emit 'lfence' */
+				EMIT3(0x0F, 0xAE, 0xE8);
+			break;
 		/* ST: *(u8*)(dst_reg + off) = imm */
 		case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
 		case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_B: