docs: networking: convert dns_resolver.txt to ReST

- add SPDX header;
- adjust titles and chapters, adding proper markups;
- comment out text-only TOC from html/pdf output;

- mark code blocks and literals as such;

- adjust identation, whitespaces and blank lines;
- add to networking/index.rst.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

1 files changed, 155 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dns_resolver.rst b/Documentation/networking/dns_resolver.rst
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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===================
+DNS Resolver Module
+===================
+
+.. Contents:
+
+ - Overview.
+ - Compilation.
+ - Setting up.
+ - Usage.
+ - Mechanism.
+ - Debugging.
+
+
+Overview
+========
+
+The DNS resolver module provides a way for kernel services to make DNS queries
+by way of requesting a key of key type dns_resolver.  These queries are
+upcalled to userspace through /sbin/request-key.
+
+These routines must be supported by userspace tools dns.upcall, cifs.upcall and
+request-key.  It is under development and does not yet provide the full feature
+set.  The features it does support include:
+
+ (*) Implements the dns_resolver key_type to contact userspace.
+
+It does not yet support the following AFS features:
+
+ (*) Dns query support for AFSDB resource record.
+
+This code is extracted from the CIFS filesystem.
+
+
+Compilation
+===========
+
+The module should be enabled by turning on the kernel configuration options::
+
+	CONFIG_DNS_RESOLVER	- tristate "DNS Resolver support"
+
+
+Setting up
+==========
+
+To set up this facility, the /etc/request-key.conf file must be altered so that
+/sbin/request-key can appropriately direct the upcalls.  For example, to handle
+basic dname to IPv4/IPv6 address resolution, the following line should be
+added::
+
+
+	#OP	TYPE		DESC	CO-INFO	PROGRAM ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ...
+	#======	============	=======	=======	==========================
+	create	dns_resolver  	*	*	/usr/sbin/cifs.upcall %k
+
+To direct a query for query type 'foo', a line of the following should be added
+before the more general line given above as the first match is the one taken::
+
+	create	dns_resolver  	foo:*	*	/usr/sbin/dns.foo %k
+
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+To make use of this facility, one of the following functions that are
+implemented in the module can be called after doing::
+
+	#include <linux/dns_resolver.h>
+
+     ::
+
+	int dns_query(const char *type, const char *name, size_t namelen,
+		     const char *options, char **_result, time_t *_expiry);
+
+     This is the basic access function.  It looks for a cached DNS query and if
+     it doesn't find it, it upcalls to userspace to make a new DNS query, which
+     may then be cached.  The key description is constructed as a string of the
+     form::
+
+		[<type>:]<name>
+
+     where <type> optionally specifies the particular upcall program to invoke,
+     and thus the type of query to do, and <name> specifies the string to be
+     looked up.  The default query type is a straight hostname to IP address
+     set lookup.
+
+     The name parameter is not required to be a NUL-terminated string, and its
+     length should be given by the namelen argument.
+
+     The options parameter may be NULL or it may be a set of options
+     appropriate to the query type.
+
+     The return value is a string appropriate to the query type.  For instance,
+     for the default query type it is just a list of comma-separated IPv4 and
+     IPv6 addresses.  The caller must free the result.
+
+     The length of the result string is returned on success, and a negative
+     error code is returned otherwise.  -EKEYREJECTED will be returned if the
+     DNS lookup failed.
+
+     If _expiry is non-NULL, the expiry time (TTL) of the result will be
+     returned also.
+
+The kernel maintains an internal keyring in which it caches looked up keys.
+This can be cleared by any process that has the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability by
+the use of KEYCTL_KEYRING_CLEAR on the keyring ID.
+
+
+Reading DNS Keys from Userspace
+===============================
+
+Keys of dns_resolver type can be read from userspace using keyctl_read() or
+"keyctl read/print/pipe".
+
+
+Mechanism
+=========
+
+The dnsresolver module registers a key type called "dns_resolver".  Keys of
+this type are used to transport and cache DNS lookup results from userspace.
+
+When dns_query() is invoked, it calls request_key() to search the local
+keyrings for a cached DNS result.  If that fails to find one, it upcalls to
+userspace to get a new result.
+
+Upcalls to userspace are made through the request_key() upcall vector, and are
+directed by means of configuration lines in /etc/request-key.conf that tell
+/sbin/request-key what program to run to instantiate the key.
+
+The upcall handler program is responsible for querying the DNS, processing the
+result into a form suitable for passing to the keyctl_instantiate_key()
+routine.  This then passes the data to dns_resolver_instantiate() which strips
+off and processes any options included in the data, and then attaches the
+remainder of the string to the key as its payload.
+
+The upcall handler program should set the expiry time on the key to that of the
+lowest TTL of all the records it has extracted a result from.  This means that
+the key will be discarded and recreated when the data it holds has expired.
+
+dns_query() returns a copy of the value attached to the key, or an error if
+that is indicated instead.
+
+See <file:Documentation/security/keys/request-key.rst> for further
+information about request-key function.
+
+
+Debugging
+=========
+
+Debugging messages can be turned on dynamically by writing a 1 into the
+following file::
+
+	/sys/module/dnsresolver/parameters/debug